Chapter 3 Assignment

Cells in which two domains lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

Archaea Eubacteria

Select the following which relate to the role of microtubules in a eukaryotic cell.

Cell shape Cilia and flagella Organelle movement

Evidence supports a similar process for the origin of the energy organelles, the _____________ carry out photosynthesis and the _________________ carry out cellular respiration.

chloroplasts mitochondria

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _____________, such as beta-hexosaminidase.

enzyme

Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called ________ ____________

intermediate filament

Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called _________ ____________

intermediate filaments

A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a ____________

lysosome

Which organelle is formed in the Golgi apparatus?

lysosome

A darkly staining region that may appear within the nucleus on an electron micrograph is called a(n) ______. This is the location of rRNA production.

nucleolus

The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the _____________

nucleus

The release of cellular products from a cell is called:

secretion

Which protein forms microtubules in the cell?

tubulin

Which theory states that all organisms are made up of cells that are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting living cells?

cell theory

What organelle contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

A nuclear pore is best described as a(n):

opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus

Which organelle is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus?

ribosome

The action known as ____________, or exocytosis, involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

secretion

Select all examples of cells that are prokaryotic.

archaeal cell bacterial cell

Which of the following are components of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus Vesicles Endoplasmic reticulum The nuclear envelope

Functions of the lysosome include:

Intracellular digestion autodigestion

Which of these cells have a membrane bound nucleus?

eukaryotes only

Some bacteria have short extracellular appendages that function in attachment. These appendages are called ___________

fimbriae

The inner fluid-filled space of a mitochondrion is called the _________

matrix or mitochondrial matrix

The openings in the nuclear envelope through which particles may pass are called ___________ __________

nuclear pores

In a bacterial cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the ______.

nucleoid

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called _____________

nucleoplasm

The smallest structure capable of performing all the basic functions of life is the ___________

cell

The semifluid medium within a cell is called the ___________

cytoplasm

The internal framework of the cell, which consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is collectively referred as the _____________

cytoskeleton

The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the

endomembrane system.

The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the ____________

endomembrane system.

Select all of these that are components of the cytoplasm.

water, salt, dissolved organic molecules

One meter is equal to how many centimeters (cm)?

100

True or false: Peptidoglycan is a structural component of the cell walls of bacteria, archaeans, and eukaryotes.

False

True or false: Plant cells do not have centrosomes.

False

___________ are the organelles that function in intracellular digestion.

Lysosomes

Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize _______ during a process called photosynthesis.

carbohydrates

The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called ___________

chromatin

When highly condensed, as it is in preparation of cell division, this material is called ________________

chromosomes

In a bacterial cell, ribosomes are located in the

cytoplasm

Due to a mutation in the HEXA gene, a substance called GM2, normally present in the tissues and nerve cells of the brain, accumulates there. This mutation mainly effects enzymes associated with which organelle in an affected individuals' cells?

lysosomes

What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall?

protection

One micrometers (μm) is equal to how many nanometers (nm)?

1000

Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce:

ATP

The molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions is ____________

ATP

Which molecule is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes?

ATP

Which two statements are part of the cell theory?

All organisms are made up of cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

What is the the function of chlorophyll?

Capture solar energy

From which part of a eukaryotic cell do microtubules radiate?

Centrosome

Which two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use?

Chloroplasts Mitochondria

What is the the function of the mitochondria?

Convert substrates into ATP

True or false: The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall.

False

Which of the following are functions of intermediate filaments?

Formation of cell-to-cell junctions Support the plasma membrane Support the nuclear envelope

What are components of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum Vesicles The nuclear envelope

What is the function of the centriole?

Microtubule assembly and disassembly

Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules Intermediate filaments Actin filaments

Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle?

Peroxisomes

The nucleoplasm has a different fluid composition than the cytoplasm of a cell.

True

True or false: Both plant and animal cells contain organelles.

True

True or false: Lysosomes and peroxisomes are structurally similar, but differ according to the enzymes that they contain.

True

Formerly called microfilaments, __________ _____________ are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion.

actin filaments

Select all of the correct statements about bacterial chromosomes.

bacteria typically have only one chromosome bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell

The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the __________

cell

The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called ____________

cellulose

Which cellular organelle may function in the process of microtubule assembly and disassembly?

centrioles

The main microtubule organizing center for a eukaryotic cell that lies near the nucleus is called the ________

centrosome

Which of these materials are found in the cell walls of fungi?

chitin

Pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy?

chlorophyll

The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called ________

chloroplast

According to endosymbiotic theory, organelles specific to plants called _______________, probably evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors.

chloroplasts

Some bacteria have long, thin appendages that rotate like propellers, allowing the bacterial cell to move in fluid. These appendages are called _____________

flagella

Which organelle receives proteins and lipid-filled vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and then repackages them for export in secretory vesicles?

golgi apparatus

A protistan engulfs a macromolecule via a vesicle. Which organelle could fuse to this vesicle and aid in breaking down this molecule?

lysosome

Centrioles are formed from which of the following?

microtubules

All cells, except prokaryotes, covert carbohydrate energy to ATP within an organelle called the ___________

mitochondria

In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur?

mitochondria

Which organelle is often referred to as the "power plant of the cell?"

mitochondria

Molecules that can attach, detach, and reattach to actin filaments to produce movement are called:

motor molecules

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum is called the:

nuclear envelope

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the ________ __________

nuclear envelope

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the ________ _____________

nuclear envelope

Which of the following is larger?

vacuole

The small structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called ____________

organelles

Which cellular process occurs within chloroplasts?

photosynthesis

Bacterial ribosomes are generally a good target for antibiotic drugs, because

prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes.

Chromatin consists of DNA and associated:

proteins

The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that it is covered with:

ribosomes

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with:

ribosomes

The fluid-filled space inside a chloroplast is called the __________

stroma

Chloroplasts contain numerous structures called grana, each of which is a stack of ___________

thylakoids.

A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell:

vacuole