Chapter 3: Cells

A(n) ________ is the simplest and most basic unit of life and can function as one or many working together.

Cell

All living things consist of one or more ________.

Cells

Determine the location of each ribosome based upon the destination of the proteins that it manufactures.

Free-floating ribosome- Proteins remain in the cell. Ribosome on the rough ER- Proteins become part of the cell membrane or are secreted from the cell.

Select the organelles that are thought to have arisen by endosymbiosis.

Mitochondria Chloroplasts

What eukaryotic organelle is shown in the picture and functions in the production of cellular energy?

Mitochondrion

Match the numbered arrow with the correct part of the mitochondrion.

1- Inner membrane 2- Outer membrane 3- DNA in matrix 4-folds of inner membrane- Cristae

Match the numbers on the picture with the correct name of the chloroplast part.

1- Stroma 2- Inner and Outer Membrane 3-Thylakoid Membranes

Put the following steps for making a membrane protein in order, beginning with the first step at the top of the list.

1. In the nucleus, genes in the DNA that encode the membrane protein are copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA). 2. The mRNA exist the nucleus through nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope. 3. The mRNA binds to a ribosome of the rough ER and produces a protein, which exits the ER in a vesicle. 4. The vesicle delivers the protein to the Golgi apparatus, where the protein folds and is packaged in a vesicle for export from the cell. 5. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases the protein into the membrane surface.

A eukaryotic cell is different from a prokaryotic cell in that it contains _______. A. Proteins B. Nucleoids C. A Nucleus D. Ribosomes

A Nucleus

Match the domain with the correct description. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Bacteria- Small cell size, fatty acids in the cell membrane, cell wall present in most. Archaea- Small cell size, nonfatty acid lipids in the cell membrane, cell wall preset in most. Eukarya- Possible larger cell size, fatty acids in the cell membrane, cell wall present in some.

Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain _______ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria.

Eukarya

_______ filaments are made of different proteins (depending upon the cell type) and act to maintain cell shape and bind certain cells together.

Intermediate

What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food, and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes?

Lysosome

Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system.

Lysosomes Nuclear Envelope Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus

What organelle protects all eukaryotic cells from toxic substances or toxic by-products of chemical reactions? A. Contractile Vacuole B. Central Vacuole C. Nucleus D. Peroxisome

Peroxisome

The molecule shown in the picture is a

Phospholipid

The picture shows a(n) _______ cell.

Plant

Match the cell types to their correct descriptions. Plant Cell Animal Cell

Plant Cell: Central vacuole present & Chloroplasts presents. Animal Cell: Centrioles present & Chloroplasts absent.

________ cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

Prokaryotic

Select all of the following that are present in ALL types of cells.

RNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm DNA

What are the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s?

The cell is the fundamental unit of all life. All cells originate from preexisting cells. All organisms are made of one or more cells.

What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

Transport Vesicles

Plant cells have large central _______ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

Vacuoles

The area within the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell where the circular DNA molecule is found is called the _______ and is to bounded by a membrane.

Nucleoid

What structure is in the red circle in this image of the nucleus?

Nucleolus

What prominent structure in the eukaryotic cell is highlighted by blue color in the picture?

Nucleus

The endoplasmic _______ is network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell.

Reticulum

The rigid _______ _______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.

Cell Wall

Match the type of vacuole with its correct function.

Central Vacuole in Plants- Contains enzymes, salts, pigments, sugars, and acids. Food Vacuole in Amoebas- Digest nutrients engulfed by cell. Contractile Vacuole in Paramecium- Pump excess water out of the cell.

What plant organelle is shown in the image and contains photosynthetic pigments?

Chloroplast

The paramecium in the picture is able to move through its watery environment with the thousands of ________ on the outside of its body.

Cilia

What are the short, numerous, hairlike structures that surround some cells like a fringe, are powered by microtubules, and have coordinated movements? A. Capsules B. Cilia C. Flagella D. Extracellular matrices

Cilia

The three types of protein filaments shown in the picture comprise the _______, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

Cytoskeleton

What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement? A. Cytoskeleton B. Plasmodesma C. Plasma Membrane D. Extracellular Matrix

Cytoskeleton

In some types of bacteria, appendages called _______ rotate like a propeller and allow movement forward or backward.

Flagellum

In this picture of the endomembrane system, the structure in the black crucial indicated by the arrow is called the:

Golgi Apparatus

The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is _______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are _______ and thus face away from water.

Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Membrane lipids Composition of cell walls

Organelles carry out specialized functions in the cell and are enclosed by: A. Cristae B. Ribosomes C. Membranes D. Intermediate Filaments

Membranes

What type of cytoskeleton filament is shown in the picture?

Microfilament

What type of cytoskeleton filament is shown in the picture? A. Microfilament B. Microtubule C. Cilium and Flagellum D. Intermediate Filament

Microtubule

Which of the three main components of the cytoskeleton is composed of tubular protein subunits and is used in cell division and transportation within cells? A. Actin B. Microtubules C. Intermediate Filaments D. Microfilaments

Microtubules

Match the following descriptions about cellular ratios of surface area to volume.

More surface area relative to volume: Small cell size & more efficient exchange of materials between cell's interior and exterior. Less surface area relative to volume: Large cell size & less efficient exchange of materials between cell's interior and exterior.

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells includes many specialized compartments called:

Organelles

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the: A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Ribosomes C. Outside environment Golgi apparatus

Outside environment

Select all of the following that are found in the cytoplasm, outside the nuclear membrane.

RNA and ribosomes Ions and enzymes Cytoskeleton

Match the following cellular features found in all cells with their correct function in the cell. Ribosome Cytoplasm Cell membrane/Plasma membrane DNA

Ribosome- Site of protein production. Cytoplasm- Fluid matrix occupying most of the cell's volume. Cell membrane/Plasma membrane- Liquid-rich boundary between the cells and outside environment. DNA- Contains genetic information.

The cell structure that manufactures proteins is a ________.

Ribosomes

Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the _______ endoplasmic reticulum.

Rough

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

Separate cytoplasm and cell's surroundings Enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells Receive and respond to external stimuli

Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer.

Small nonpolar molecules O2 and CO2 Lipids

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane compounds are produced and stored in the _______ endoplasmic reticulum.

Smooth

Select all of the following that are components of cell membranes.

Sterols Phospholipids Proteins

Select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell.

Structural Support Aids Cell Division Transportation