Chapter 3: Cellular Form and Function

Mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds and transfer it to which of the following for use by the cell? - Enzymes - ATP - Glucose - Fat

ATP

________ transport requires energy.

Active

An extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules classified as rough or smooth is called the ______.

endoplasmic reticulum

Squamous cells line the __________.

esophagus

Vesicular transport that releases material from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell is called _________.

exocytosis

In which process does a solute bind to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane? - Secondary active transport - Carrier-mediated transport - Reverse osmosis - Simple diffusion

Carrier-mediated transport

From a region of high to low concentration: _______________. From a region of low to high concentration: _______________.

Down a gradient; Up a gradient

Which are types of vesicular transport? - Active transport and osmosis - Osmosis and diffusion - Filtration and pinocytosis - Endocytosis and exocytosis

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Which membrane-bound organelle is the site of both protein and lipid synthesis? - Golgi complex - Lysosomes - Endoplasmic reticulum - Intracellular vesicles

Endoplasmic reticulum

______________ are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.

Lysosomes

_________ transport does not require energy.

Passive

What are three mechanisms of carrier-mediated transport? - Endocytosis - Secondary active transport - Facilitated diffusion - Simple diffusion - Primary active transport

Primary active transport Secondary active transport Facilitated diffusion

________ are the organelles that read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins.

Ribosomes

Where are proteins, such as enzymes, that are to be secreted from the cells produced? - Golgi complex - Mitochondria - Ribosomes on ER - Free ribosomes

Ribosomes on ER

Which membrane type allows some things through and restricts the passage of others? - Passively permeable - Impermeable - Selectively permeable - Permeable

Selectively permeable

Which of the following correctly defines tonicity? - The generation of hydrostatic pressure that drives the movement of fluid across a membrane - The ability of a solution to cause osmosis, affecting volume and pressure in the cell - The degree of permeability of a cell membrane, related to number of channels present

The ability of a solution to cause osmosis, affecting volume and pressure in the cell

__________transport involves enclosing substances in a transport vesicle.

Vesicular

Which of the following moves large particles and fluid droplets across the cell membrane? - Passive transport - Simple diffusion - Osmosis - Vesicular transport

Vesicular transport

What is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called? - An enzyme - A self-identity marker - An MHC protein - A carrier

a carrier

Facilitated diffusion, primary, and secondary active transport are all mechanisms of which of the following? - vesicular transport - active transport - passive transport - carrier-mediated transport

carrier-mediated transport

Short 'hairs' with axoneme cores: _________. Single long structure with an axoneme core: __________. Folds of cell membrane; may have actin core: _________. microvilli, cilia, flagellum

cilia; flagellum; microvilli

What is the branch of biology that investigates cells called?

cytology

The _________________is a system of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, that give the cell shape, allow movement, and the routing of molecules and organelles within the cell. It is not made of calcium salts.

cytoskeleton

What is the general name for the network of structures within the cytoplasm which support the cell, determine its shape, and participate in movement? Golgi apparatus Cytoskeleton Nucleus Rough ER

cytoskeleton

In blood capillaries, blood pressure forces fluid through gaps in the capillary wall in a process called _________.

filtration

__________: Propulsion of a cell. __________: Increase surface area, as for absorption. __________: Move a substance along a cell surface microvilli, cilia, flagellum

flagellum; microvilli, cilia

Coming from words that mean "sugar coat", the layer of carbohydrates coating a cell membrane is called the __________.

glycocalyx

Components of the plasma membrane called ______ help form the glycocalyx. - glycolipids - glucose - cholesterol - lipids - proteins

glycolipids

Which organelle is shown in the picture?

golgi complex

When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration _________.

gradient

Foreign bodies such as viruses, bacteria, or dust particles that have been phagocytized by the cell form types of _________ within the cytoplasm. organelles lysosomes inclusions clathrin pits

inclusions

Which is not essential for a cell to survive? - Cytoskeleton - Organelles - Inclusions

inclusions

Tissue fluid is also called ______.

interstitial fluid

Consider two solutions of different sodium concentrations separated by a selectively permeable membrane. The net movement of water across the membrane will be from the area of ______ sodium concentration to the area of ______ sodium concentration.

lower; higher

The organelle in the picture is a __________.

mitochondrian

Which organelle is has a double unit membrane? Mitochondrion Lysosome Villus Centriole

mitochondrian

A pair of membranes enclosing the nucleus with pores allowing the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus is the _______________.

nuclear envelope

What is the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane called?

osmosis

The majority of the plasma membrane can be described as a bilayer of ___________ with associated proteins.

phospholipid

The fluidity of the plasma membrane is primarily provided by the ______. - proteins - cholesterol molecules - phospholipids - sugars

phospholipids

What drives filtration through a membrane?

physical pressure

The plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and which of the following? Protein Carbohydrates Calcium Cellulose

protein

Which three organelles are not surrounded by membranes? - Mitochondria - Golgi complex - Ribosomes - Endoplasmic reticulum - Centrioles - Centrosomes

ribosomes centrioles centrosomes

The concentration of solutes in a cell affects the fluid volume and pressure within the cell. This is referred to as the _________ of the solution.

tonicity