Chapter 3: Cellular Form and Function
Mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds and transfer it to which of the following for use by the cell? - Enzymes - ATP - Glucose - Fat
ATP
________ transport requires energy.
Active
An extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules classified as rough or smooth is called the ______.
endoplasmic reticulum
Squamous cells line the __________.
esophagus
Vesicular transport that releases material from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell is called _________.
exocytosis
In which process does a solute bind to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane? - Secondary active transport - Carrier-mediated transport - Reverse osmosis - Simple diffusion
Carrier-mediated transport
From a region of high to low concentration: _______________. From a region of low to high concentration: _______________.
Down a gradient; Up a gradient
Which are types of vesicular transport? - Active transport and osmosis - Osmosis and diffusion - Filtration and pinocytosis - Endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Which membrane-bound organelle is the site of both protein and lipid synthesis? - Golgi complex - Lysosomes - Endoplasmic reticulum - Intracellular vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum
______________ are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.
Lysosomes
_________ transport does not require energy.
Passive
What are three mechanisms of carrier-mediated transport? - Endocytosis - Secondary active transport - Facilitated diffusion - Simple diffusion - Primary active transport
Primary active transport Secondary active transport Facilitated diffusion
________ are the organelles that read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins.
Ribosomes
Where are proteins, such as enzymes, that are to be secreted from the cells produced? - Golgi complex - Mitochondria - Ribosomes on ER - Free ribosomes
Ribosomes on ER
Which membrane type allows some things through and restricts the passage of others? - Passively permeable - Impermeable - Selectively permeable - Permeable
Selectively permeable
Which of the following correctly defines tonicity? - The generation of hydrostatic pressure that drives the movement of fluid across a membrane - The ability of a solution to cause osmosis, affecting volume and pressure in the cell - The degree of permeability of a cell membrane, related to number of channels present
The ability of a solution to cause osmosis, affecting volume and pressure in the cell
__________transport involves enclosing substances in a transport vesicle.
Vesicular
Which of the following moves large particles and fluid droplets across the cell membrane? - Passive transport - Simple diffusion - Osmosis - Vesicular transport
Vesicular transport
What is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called? - An enzyme - A self-identity marker - An MHC protein - A carrier
a carrier
Facilitated diffusion, primary, and secondary active transport are all mechanisms of which of the following? - vesicular transport - active transport - passive transport - carrier-mediated transport
carrier-mediated transport
Short 'hairs' with axoneme cores: _________. Single long structure with an axoneme core: __________. Folds of cell membrane; may have actin core: _________. microvilli, cilia, flagellum
cilia; flagellum; microvilli
What is the branch of biology that investigates cells called?
cytology
The _________________is a system of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, that give the cell shape, allow movement, and the routing of molecules and organelles within the cell. It is not made of calcium salts.
cytoskeleton
What is the general name for the network of structures within the cytoplasm which support the cell, determine its shape, and participate in movement? Golgi apparatus Cytoskeleton Nucleus Rough ER
cytoskeleton
In blood capillaries, blood pressure forces fluid through gaps in the capillary wall in a process called _________.
filtration
__________: Propulsion of a cell. __________: Increase surface area, as for absorption. __________: Move a substance along a cell surface microvilli, cilia, flagellum
flagellum; microvilli, cilia
Coming from words that mean "sugar coat", the layer of carbohydrates coating a cell membrane is called the __________.
glycocalyx
Components of the plasma membrane called ______ help form the glycocalyx. - glycolipids - glucose - cholesterol - lipids - proteins
glycolipids
Which organelle is shown in the picture?
golgi complex
When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration _________.
gradient
Foreign bodies such as viruses, bacteria, or dust particles that have been phagocytized by the cell form types of _________ within the cytoplasm. organelles lysosomes inclusions clathrin pits
inclusions
Which is not essential for a cell to survive? - Cytoskeleton - Organelles - Inclusions
inclusions
Tissue fluid is also called ______.
interstitial fluid
Consider two solutions of different sodium concentrations separated by a selectively permeable membrane. The net movement of water across the membrane will be from the area of ______ sodium concentration to the area of ______ sodium concentration.
lower; higher
The organelle in the picture is a __________.
mitochondrian
Which organelle is has a double unit membrane? Mitochondrion Lysosome Villus Centriole
mitochondrian
A pair of membranes enclosing the nucleus with pores allowing the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus is the _______________.
nuclear envelope
What is the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane called?
osmosis
The majority of the plasma membrane can be described as a bilayer of ___________ with associated proteins.
phospholipid
The fluidity of the plasma membrane is primarily provided by the ______. - proteins - cholesterol molecules - phospholipids - sugars
phospholipids
What drives filtration through a membrane?
physical pressure
The plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and which of the following? Protein Carbohydrates Calcium Cellulose
protein
Which three organelles are not surrounded by membranes? - Mitochondria - Golgi complex - Ribosomes - Endoplasmic reticulum - Centrioles - Centrosomes
ribosomes centrioles centrosomes
The concentration of solutes in a cell affects the fluid volume and pressure within the cell. This is referred to as the _________ of the solution.
tonicity