Chapter 3 Dev Psych

45)The _________ is the time when serious defects from teratogens are most likely to occur. A)period of the zygote B)period of the embryo C)second trimester D)third trimester

B

86)Nearly 30 percent of adolescent mothers A)receive inadequate prenatal care. B)give birth at home. C)give up their babies for adoption. D)develop preclampsia in the third trimester.

A

87)In the early weeks of pregnancy, a diabetic mother's out-of-control blood glucose _________ the risk of _________. A)increases; birth defects B)decreases; birth defects C)increases; low birth weight D)increases; chromosomal abnormalities

A

90)The more a pregnant woman seeks information by reading or accessing websites, the A) more confident she tends to feel about parenting. B) less anxious she tends to feel about parenting. C) less likely she will ask questions to medical professionals. D) more likely she will be dissatisfied with her parenting experience.

A

69)Which of the following statements is true about HIV and AIDS? A)HIV-positive pregnant women pass the virus to their fetus 20 to 30 percent of the time. B)About 25 to 35 percent of prenatal AIDS babies die by 1 year of age. C)There are no antiviral drugs that reduce prenatal AIDS transmission without harmful consequences. D)Most infant HIV cases are curable if caught and treated early.

A

92)The most important preparation for parenthood A)takes place in the context of the parents' relationship. B)is having a positive relationship with one's own parents. C)involves attending prenatal classes. D)is having support from extended family.

A

2)In the United States today, ______ percent of married couples bear children. A)50 B)60 C)70 D)80

C

16)The ________ becomes the new organism. A)embryonic disk B)trophoblast C)amnion D)chorion

A

23)The ________ becomes the nervous system. A)ectoderm B)mesoderm C)endoderm D)trophoblast

A

24)At the beginning of the embryonic period, the ________ system develops fastest. A)nervous B)circulatory C)digestive D)skeletal

A

27)During the period of the fetus, the A) developing organism increases rapidly in size. B) most rapid prenatal changes take place. C) heart begins to pump blood. D) brain is formed.

A

28)During the third month of pregnancy, A)the fetus can suck its thumb. B)tiny buds become arms, legs, fingers, and toes. C)neuron production begins. D)the eyes, ears, and nose form.

A

3)When asked about the disadvantages of parenthood, Americans cite _____________ most often. A)loss of freedom B)financial strain C)loss of privacy D)work conflicts

A

33)From the twentieth week until birth, A)brain weight increases tenfold. B)glial cells decrease at a rapid rate. C)the fetus is viable. D)brain growth slows.

A

38)In one study, more active fetuses during the third trimester became 1-year-olds who __________ than those who were less active prenatally. A)could better handle frustration B)less readily interacted with unfamiliar adults C)were more fearful D)less readily interacted with toys

A

42)During the final months of pregnancy, the fetus A)gains more than 5 pounds and grows 7 inches. B)spends the majority of the day awake. C)assumes a right-side-up position. D)gains less than 2 pounds and grows less than 3 inches.

A

47)The effects of teratogens A)may not show up for decades. B)rarely go beyond physical damage. C)are always immediate. D)are always obvious.

A

5)Which of the following was a finding by the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth? A)Mothers with lower intelligence test scores tend to have larger families than mothers with higher scores. B)Mothers with small families are usually less well-off economically than mothers with larger families. C)First-born children in large families are more intelligent than their younger siblings. D)Only children have lower intelligence test scores than children with siblings.

A

50)Sophie weighed 8.9 pounds when she was born. Research shows that she is at an increased risk of ________ in adulthood. A)breast cancer B)lung cancer C)heart disease D)stroke

A

55)Caffeine use during pregnancy A)can result in low birth weight. B)is only safe during the first trimester. C)can result in gross fetal abnormalities. D)is linked to respiratory distress in childbirth.

A

60)Jenna's physical growth is slow. She has short eyelid openings, a thin upper lip, a flattened philtrum, and brain injury. Jenna's mother probably _______ during pregnancy. A)drank heavily B)smoked cigarettes C)used cocaine D)used methadone

A

62)It is safe to drink _________ during pregnancy. A)no amount of alcohol B)one alcoholic beverage per day C)3 to 5 alcoholic beverages per week D)a few alcoholic beverages per month

A

74)A severe famine in the Netherlands during World War II revealed that A)the sensitive-period concept operates with nutrition. B)malnutrition during the first trimester is not associated with miscarriage. C)malnutrition in the second trimester is associated with large head size. D)malnutrition during the third trimester is associated with physical defects.

A

10)The __________ secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum. A)ovaries B)corpus luteum C)fallopian tubes D)cervix

B

12)The ovum can survive for _____ after it is released into the fallopian tube. A)a couple of hours B)one day C)four days D)six days

B

15)The period of the zygote lasts A)for about 13 weeks, or a trimester. B)from fertilization to implantation. C)for about 6 weeks. D)from conception to fertilization.

B

19)As many as _____ percent of zygotes do not survive the first two weeks. A)20 B)30 C)40 D)50

B

26) The developing organism responds to touch during the ________ month of pregnancy. A)first B)second C)third D)fourth

B

29)Mel wonders when he will be able to find out the sex of his baby. You tell him that he should be able to detect the sex with ultrasound as early as the _____ week of pregnancy. A)ninth B)twelfth C)fifteenth D)eighteenth

B

31)During her first prenatal visit, LaToya's doctor explains that the _______ prevent(s) the skin from chapping during the long months spent bathing in the amniotic fluid. A)villi B)vernix C)glial cells D)chorion

B

36)Carmen is prematurely delivering her baby at 28 weeks. The baby will probably A)not survive. B)need oxygen assistance to breathe. C)experience intense pain. D)spend the next few weeks with no periods of alertness.

B

39)During the third trimester, A)the fetus spends the majority of the day awake. B)painkillers should be used during any surgical procedures performed on a fetus. C)fetuses can hear bodily noises but not noises that occur outside of the womb. D)higher fetal activity is linked with abnormal neurological development.

B

40)A study involving the fetal heart rate's response to auditory stimuli during the third trimester suggests that fetuses A)cannot hear sounds from the outside world. B)can remember for at least a brief period. C)cannot distinguish between their mother's voice and a stranger's voice. D)cannot distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar melodies.

B

49)Jesse weighed 3.3 pounds when he was born. Research shows that he is at an increased risk of __________ in adulthood. A)prostate cancer B)diabetes C)lymphatic cancer D)Alzheimer's disease

B

52)Daughters of mothers who took diethylstilbestrol to prevent miscarriages A)were born with gross deformities of the arms and legs. B)showed unusually high rates of vaginal cancer. C)had abnormally high-pitched and shrill cries. D)often developed diabetes in adulthood.

B

53)The most widely used potent teratogen is prescribed A)as a sedative. B)to treat severe acne. C)to prevent miscarriages. D)to treat depression.

B

56)Which of the following statements is true about illegal drug use during pregnancy? A)Motor development is rapid in children who are prenatally exposed to illegal drugs. B)Children who are prenatally exposed to illegal drugs can have long-term difficulties. C)The difficulties of prenatally exposed children disappear once the drugs are out of their systems. D)The effects of illegal drugs on the developing organism are consistent.

B

58)Beatrice has smoked throughout her pregnancy. Now in her seventh month, Beatrice is considering quitting. You can tell her that A)the damage was already done during the zygotic period. B)if she quits now, she reduces the likelihood that her baby will be born underweight. C)the damage was already done during the embryonic period. D)quitting now will not reduce the likelihood that her baby will have colic.

B

61)Matthew was prenatally exposed to alcohol. His physical growth is typical and he has no facial abnormalities. However, he has impaired motor coordination, attention span, and memory. Matthew was probably born with A)fetal alcohol syndrome. B)alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. C)partial fetal alcohol syndrome. D)a genetic disorder.

B

63)Which of the following statements is true about radiation exposure during pregnancy? A)Low-level radiation from medical X-rays is safe. B)When mothers are exposed to radiation during pregnancy, the risk of miscarriage increases. C)The effects of radiation exposure are immediate and apparent. D)Radiation exposure affects physical development, but not cognitive or emotional development.

B

67)Dioxin seems to impair the fertility of __________ prior to conception. A)X-bearing ova B)Y-bearing sperm C)X-bearing sperm D)Y-bearing ova

B

68)The greatest damage from rubella occurs when it strikes pregnant mothers during the A)zygotic period. B)embryonic period. C)second trimester. D)third trimester.

B

7)Which of the following statements is true about only children? A)They are more intelligent than children with siblings. B)They are as well-adjusted as children with siblings. C)They have more emotional problems than children with siblings. D)They are less intelligent than children with siblings.

B

70)Kelly, a pregnant 30-year-old, has contracted the most common parasitic infection. Kelly has A)rubella. B)toxoplasmosis. C)cytomegalovirus. D)herpes simplex 2.

B

75)Taking a folic acid supplement around the time of conception reduces the risk of A)miscarriage. B)spina bifida. C)Down syndrome. D)cytomegalovirus.

B

77)Prenatal maternal stress is A)especially damaging during the first trimester. B)related to pyloric stenosis. C)associated with emotional, but not physical, difficulties. D)related to neural tube defects.

B

79)Which of the following statements is true about Rh factor incompatibility? A)The damage caused by Rh incompatibility can be avoided if the mother receives a blood transfusion during delivery. B)Rh-positive blood is dominant and Rh-negative blood is recessive, so the chances are good that a baby will be Rh-positive. C)Rh-positive babies are routinely given a vaccine at birth to prevent the buildup of harmful Rh antibodies. D)The harmful effects of Rh incompatibility can be prevented if the newborn is immediately placed on a diet low in phenylalanine.

B

80)Rh factor incompatibility A)affects Rh positive mothers. B)can result in infant death. C)cannot be prevented in most cases. D)usually affects firstborn children.

B

82)The Nurse-Family Partnership is a A)health-care program currently implemented in developing countries. B)voluntary home visiting program for first-time, low-income expectant mothers. C)mandatory home visiting program for new mothers with special needs infants. D)community service program available for pregnant teens in urban areas.

B

89)In group prenatal care, A)expectant mothers are grouped by age, and each group is seen by an assigned health-care provider. B)trained leaders provide minority expectant mothers with a group discussion session after each medical checkup. C)expectant mothers and fathers take turns facilitating group discussions. D)whole families are included in prenatal visits, including mothers, fathers, and siblings.

B

1)Today, the issue of whether to have children is a A)biological given. B)compelling social expectation. C)matter of true individual choice. D)matter of legacy.

C

14)Following conception, the one-celled ________ multiplies and forms a(n) ________. A)blastocyst; zygote B)blastocyst; embryo C)zygote; blastocyst D)embryo; fetus

C

17)Between the seventh and the ninth days after fertilization, _________ occurs. A)the period of the embryo B)the period of the fetus C)implantation D)cell duplication

C

20)Valerie, 2-months pregnant, wonders how food and oxygen are delivered to the developing organism. You should tell Valerie that the ___________ performs this function. A)chorion B)amnion C)placenta D)neural tube

C

22)The most rapid prenatal changes take place during the A)period of the zygote. B)period of the fetus. C)period of the embryo. D)final trimester.

C

30)Which of the following statements is true about Zola's third month of pregnancy? A)She should be able to feel the baby move. B)She should avoid regular exercise. C)She should be able to hear the heartbeat through a stethoscope. D)She should have gained at least 10 pounds since becoming pregnant.

C

32)During the second trimester, A)convolutions appear on the surface of the brain. B)the fetus takes on the beginnings of a personality. C)lanugo appears over the entire body. D)the fetus can distinguish the tone and rhythm of different voices.

C

34)Sara's doctor is looking inside her uterus using fetoscopy. Her 22-week-old fetus may react by A)grabbing at the light. B)holding its toes. C)shielding its eyes. D)kicking its legs.

C

35)The age of viability occurs sometime between _______ and _______ weeks. A)18; 22 B)20; 24 C)22; 26 D)26; 30

C

41)Monica provides her fetus with stimulation specially designed to enhance later mental development. Monica should know that A)playing classical music is likely to have a long-lasting impact on cognitive development. B)reading aloud is likely to have a long-lasting impact on cognitive development. C)later experiences can override the impact of fetal stimulation. D)prolonged exposure to sounds is just as harmless to fetal inner-ear structure as they are to the mature ear.

C

43)The harm done by teratogens A)is simple and straightforward. B)always creates a "monstrosity" or malformation. C)depends on dose, heredity, age, and other negative influences. D)can rarely be prevented.

C

46)During the fetal period, A)teratogens rarely have any impact. B)teratogens are most likely to cause serious defects. C)the ears can be strongly affected by teratogens. D)teratogenic damage usually causes miscarriage.

C

51)Children exposed to thalidomide were often born A)with noncancerous tumors. B)six to eight weeks premature. C)with gross deformities of the arms and legs. D)with severe cognitive delays.

C

54)Although it has been linked to low birth weight, infant death, and lower intelligence test scores in early childhood, __________ is/are one of the most common over-the-counter medications taken by pregnant women. A)cough syrup B)antacids C)aspirin D)antihistamines

C

57)Today, an estimated ______ percent of U.S. women smoke during pregnancies. A)4 B)10 C)14 D)20

C

65)In Taiwan, prenatal exposure to very high levels of ______ in rice oil resulted in low birth weight, discolored skin, and delayed cognitive development. A)dioxins B)mercury C)PCBs D)lead

C

72)In healthy, physically fit women, ___________ exercise is related to _________. A)aerobic; low birth weight B)vigorous; a reduction in the risk of high blood pressure C)moderate; a reduction in the risk of maternal diabetes D)frequent; high birth weight

C

73)Marzanne is pregnant and wonders how much weight she should gain. Her doctor will probably recommend that she gain _______ to _______ pounds. A)10; 15 B)20; 25 C)25; 30 D)30; 35

C

78)The relationship between social support, positive pregnancy outcomes, and subsequent child development is A)strongest for affluent women. B)moderate for minority women. C)particularly strong for low-income women. D)strongest for middle-income women.

C

8)Which of the following statements is true about birthrate trends between 1970 and 2008? A)The birthrate increased during this period for women 20 to 24 years of age. B)The birthrate decreased during this period for women 25 years of age and older. C)For women in their thirties, the birthrate more than doubled during this period. D)The greatest decline in the birthrate during this period was for women in their thirties.

C

84)Infants born to teenagers have a higher rate of problems because A)teenagers' reproductive organs are not yet mature enough to support a pregnancy. B)teenagers are not yet physically ready to give birth. C)many pregnant teenagers do not receive adequate prenatal care. D)teenagers are exposed to more teratogens than other pregnant mothers.

C

91)Which of the following statements about models of effective parenthood is true? A)Overall, men are more likely than women to come to terms with negative experiences in their own childhoods and build helathier and happier relationships with their children. B)In most cases, people who have negative experiences in their own childhoods have conflicted relationships with their children. C)Many people come to terms with negative experiences in their own childhoods and build healthier and happier relationships with their children. D)Most people are unable to come to terms with negative experiences in their own childhoods and have conflicted relationships with their own children.

C

11)Sperm can survive for up to A)twelve hours. B)two days. C)four days. D)six days.

D

13)Most conceptions result from intercourse during the A)first week of the menstrual cycle. B)last week of the menstrual cycle. C)day of ovulation and the two days following it. D)two days preceding ovulation and the day of ovulation.

D

18)The _______ produces blood cells until the developing liver, spleen, and bone marrow are mature enough to take over this function. A)amnion B)chorion C)placenta D)yolk sac

D

21)The placenta is connected to the developing organism by the A)uterine wall. B)amnion. C)chorion. D)umbilical cord.

D

25)During the second month of pregnancy, the A)embryo reacts to light. B)embryo kicks and bends its arms. C)heart begins to pump blood. D)heart develops separate chambers.

D

37)Synchrony between fetal heart rate and motor activity peaks between _______ and _______ weeks. A)20; 22 B)24; 26 C)27; 29 D)30; 34

D

4)The average number of children per couple in North America today is A)3.1. B)2.7. C)2.2. D)1.8.

D

44)The _____ have a long period of sensitivity to teratogens. A)hands and feet B)palate and mouth C)arms and legs D)brain and eyes

D

48)________ is associated with ________ in adulthood. A)Low birth weight; breast cancer B)High birth weight; diabetes C)High birth weight; Alzheimer's disease D)Low birth weight; cardiovascular disease

D

59)From one-third to one-half of nonsmoking pregnant women A)use alcohol regularly. B)smoked prior to finding out they were pregnant. C)take antidepressants. D)are "passive smokers."

D

6)Which of the following statements is supported by research on family size? A)Parental quality declines as new children are born. B)New births lead to an increase in maternal affection toward older siblings. C)Limiting family size increases the chances of having children with high intelligence scores. D)Parents who have many children tend to reallocate their energies.

D

64)Pregnant women are wise to avoid __________ to reduce the likelihood of mercury exposure. A)getting X-rays B)changing cat litter boxes C)painting D)eating long-lived predatory fish

D

66)Joslyn, a school custodian, is pregnant and works in an old school building where multiple layers of paint are flaking off the walls. To be safe, Joslyn should have the paint tested for A)polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). B)mercury. C)dioxins. D)lead.

D

71)Expectant mothers can prevent toxoplasmosis by A)making sure the vegetables they eat are clean. B)avoiding exposure to X-rays. C)avoiding eating swordfish. D)making sure that the meat they eat is well-cooked.

D

76)Enriching women's diets with calcium A)can cause miscarriages in the zygotic period. B)helps prevent neural tube defects. C)eliminates the risk of osteoporosis in offspring. D)helps prevent maternal high blood pressure.

D

81)Danica is a healthy 35-year-old woman who is pregnant with her first child. Danica is A)more likely than a younger woman to have a low birth-weight baby. B)likely to have a longer and more difficult labor than a younger woman. C)more likely to have prenatal complications than a woman in her twenties. D)as likely as a younger women to have no prenatal or birth complications.

D

83)Which of the following statements is true about the effectiveness of the Nurse-Family Partnership? A)The benefits of the intervention were greater for children from high-SES families than for children from low-SES families. B)Trained paraprofessionals were more effective than professional nurses in preventing delayed mental development. C)As kindergartners, children in the program scored higher in language, but lower in intelligence than comparison children. D)At both ages 6 and 9, children of home-visited mothers in the poorest mental health during pregnancy exceeded comparison children in academic achievement.

D

85)Kali's face, hands, and feet began to swell in the second half of her pregnancy. Kali's doctor began to monitor her blood pressure. The doctor was probably concerned about A)toxoplasmosis. B)maternal diabetes. C)Rh incompatibility. D)preeclampsia.

D

88)Which of the following statements is true about research on memory impairments in infants of diabetic mothers? A)Prenatal iron depletion interferes with the cerebral cortex, causing long-term learning and academic problems in children of diabetic mothers. B)Damage to the hippocampus is not linked to long-term learning and academic problems in children of diabetic mothers. C)Diabetes-linked prenatal brain damage is linked to short-term memory impairments that can often be reversed with medication. D)As a result of iron depletion in critical brain areas, a diabetic pregnancy places the fetus at risk for lasting memory deficits.

D

9)Research on childbearing reveals that A)fertility problems do not increase for men between ages 25 and 45. B)fertility problems among women do not show any increase until age 40. C)reproductive technologies are equally successful among younger and older parents. D)a 45-year-old man is less fertile than a 25-year-old man.

D