Chapter 3: Exploring Linux Filesystems

tac command

A Linux command that displays a file on the screen, beginning with the last line of the file and ending with the first line of the file.

od command

A Linux command used to display the contents of a file in octal format.

vi editor

A powerful command-line text editor available on most UNIX and Linux systems.

filename extension

A series of identifiers following a dot ( . ) at the end of a filename, used to denote the type of the file.

directory

A special file on the filesystem used to organize other files into a logical tree structure.

named pipe file

A temporary connection that sends information from one command or process in memory to another; it can also be represented by a file on the filesystem.

cd ../..

A user typed in the command pwd and saw the output: /home/jim/sales/pending. How could that user navigate to the /home/jim directory? cd .. cd /jim cd ../.. cd ./.

nano editor

A user-friendly terminal text editor that uses Ctrl key combinations to perform basic functions.

fgrep command

A variant of the grep command that does not allow the use of regular expressions.

egrep command

A variant of the grep command used to search files for patterns, using extended regular expressions.

It is an executable file.

After typing the ls -F command, you notice a filename that ends with an * (asterisk) character. What does this mean? It is a hidden file. It is a linked file. It is a special device file. It is an executable file.

It is a hidden file.

After typing the ls -a command, you notice a file whose filename begins with a dot ( . ). What does this mean? It is a binary file. It is a system file. It is a file in the current directory. It is a hidden file.

File / Folder

Everything is represented by a _____________ or a ______________.

etc folder

Holds configuration files for the system.

Press the Esc key.

How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor? Press the Ctrl+Alt+Del keys simultaneously. Press the Del key. Type a : character. Press the Esc key.

Precede the string with a ^.

How can you specify a text pattern that must be at the beginning of a line of text using a regular expression? Precede the string with a /. Follow the string with a \. Precede the string with a $. Precede the string with a ^.

resume

If "resume" is the name of a file in the home directory off the root of the filesystem and your present working directory is home, what is the relative name for the file named resume? /home/resume /resume resume \home\resume

pwd

Linux command to get path of current directory you are in.

True

Linux has only one root directory per directory tree. True or False?

root user

Main user in Linux system. Has complete control over system. root folder - root user home directory - the user root is the only user that its home directory is not located under /home directory and it's directly located under the root of file system "/"

wildcard metacharacters

The metacharacters used to match certain characters in a file or directory name; they are often used to specify multiple files.

relative pathname

The pathname of a target directory relative to your current directory in the tree.

text tools

The programs that allow for the creation, modification, and searching of text files.

regular expressions

The special metacharacters used to match patterns of text within text files; they are commonly used by text tool commands, including grep.

filename

The user-friendly identifier given to a file.

quit without saving any changes

What will typing q! at the : prompt in command mode do when using the vi editor? quit as no changes were made quit after saving any changes nothing because the ! is a metacharacter quit without saving any changes

/home/resume

Which of the following is an absolute pathname? (Choose all that apply.) Home/resume C:\myfolder\resume resume /home/resume C:home/resume

div folder

all of the devices

shell script

is a text file containing a list of commands or constructs for the shell to execute. It may contain any command that can be entered on the command line.

regexp

regular expression - is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern.

myscript file

text file that contains executable commands (also known as a shell script)

boot folder

where all the files live needed to boot the machine.

cd (change directory) command

A Linux command used to change the current directory in the directory tree.

tail command

A Linux command used to display lines of text at the end of a file; by default displays the last 10 lines of the file.

pwd (print working directory) command

A Linux command used to display the current directory in the directory tree.

strings command

A Linux command used to search for and display text characters in a binary file.

gedit editor

A common text editor used within GUI environments.

home directory

A directory on the filesystem set aside for users to store personal files and information.

Tab-completion feature

A feature of the BASH shell that fills in the remaining characters of a unique filename or directory name when the user presses the Tab key.

executable program

A file that can be executed by the Linux operating system to run in memory as a process and perform a useful function.

binary data file

A file that contains machine language (binary 1s and 0s) and stores information (such as common functions and graphics) used by binary compiled programs.

log file

A file that contains past system events.

text file

A file that stores information in a readable text format.

special device file

A file used to identify hardware devices such as hard disks and serial ports.

~

A metacharacter used to represent a user's home directory.

Emacs (Editor MACroS) editor

A popular and widespread text editor more conducive to word processing than vi. It was originally developed by Richard Stallman.

parent directory

The directory that is one level closer to the root directory in the directory tree relative to your current directory.

absolute pathname

The full pathname to a certain file or directory starting from the root directory.

concatenation

The joining of text together to make one larger whole. In Linux, words and strings of text are joined together to form a displayed file.

file command

A Linux command that displays the file type of a specified filename.

head command

A Linux command that displays the first set of lines of a text file; by default displays the first 10 lines.

grep command - global regular expression print

A Linux command that searches files for patterns of characters using regular expression metacharacters.

cat command

A Linux command used to display (or concatenate) the entire contents of a text file to the screen.

more command

A Linux command used to display a text file page by page and line by line on the terminal screen.

less command

A Linux command used to display a text file page-by-page on the terminal screen; users can then use the cursor keys to navigate the file.

ls command

A Linux command used to list the files in a given directory.

the first 10 lines of the file mary

A user types the command head /poems/mary. What will be displayed on the terminal screen? the first line of the file mary the header for the file mary the first 20 lines of the file mary the last 10 lines of the file mary the first 10 lines of the file mary

ll command

An alias for the ls -l command; it gives a long file listing.

cd /etc

If a user's current directory is /home/mary/project1, which command could she use to move to the etc directory directly under the root? cd .. cd /home/mary/etc cd etc cd /etc cd \etc

command mode

One of the two modes in vi; it allows a user to perform any available text-editing task that is not related to inserting text into the document.

insert mode

One of the two modes in vi; it allows the user to insert text into the document but does not allow any other functionality.

linked file

The files that represent the same data as other files or that are associated with another file.

root filesystem

The filesystem that contains the root (/) directory Base level for the filesystem directory tree The filesystem that contains most files that make up the operating system; it should have enough free space to prevent errors and slow performance.

command mode insert mode

The vi editor can function in which two of the following modes? (Choose both that apply.)

[!a-d]

Using wildcard metacharacters, how can you indicate a character that is not an a or b or c or d? [^abcd] not [a-d] [!a-d] !a-d

cut command

What command can extract comma delimiter text from one file to another. 423 - 428

subdirectory

A directory that resides within another directory in the directory tree.

socket file

A named pipe connecting processes on two different computers; it can also be represented by a file on the filesystem.