Chapter 3 (Mastering Biology)

What is unusual about the peptide bond compared to the other covalent bonds that form the polypeptide backbone?

Peptide bonds behave like double bonds in terms of stability and lack of movement of atoms around the bond

All of the following are examples of protein functions except one. Identify the exception

Self- replication

Which monomers make up RNA?

nucleotides

Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true?

A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid

neutral nonpolar

Alanine, Proline, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

An amino group and a Carboxyl group

Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid?

An oxygen

Basic

Arginine, Lysine

Neutral polar

Asparagine, Glutamine, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine

Order the following amino acids from most hydrophillic to most hydrophobic: valine, asparate, asparagine, tyrosine

Asparate, Asparagine, Tyrosine, Valine

Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?

Carboxyl functional group

What type of bond is directly involved in the formation of an alpha helix?

Hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues

Where would amino acid residues with nonpolar R-groups be found within the overall structure of a folded globular protein such as chymotrypsin?

Nonpolar amino acid residues would be found in the interior of chymotrypsin

_______ structure is the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Primary

Which of the following statements about protein primary structure is true?

Primary structure is produced by the unique sequence of amino acids in a protein

_________ structure is the result of two or more protein subunits assembling to form a larger, biologically active protein complex.

Quaternary

The alpha helix is a component of _______ protein structure.

Secondary

_______ structure describes the alpha-helices and the beta-sheets that are formed by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms located near each other in the polypeptide chain.

Secondary

Which of the following is true of protein bonding?

Some proteins can fold spontaneously

Proteins that form the internal cytoskeleton of individual cells serve a _____ function.

Structural

_______ structure is achieved when a protein folds into a compact, three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side chain R-groups of amino acids.

Tertiary

Which of the following parts of an amino acid vary among different amino acids?

The side chain (R-group)

If a cell were to use only 10 of the 20 possible amino acids, how much effect would you expect this to have on the diversity of five amino acid-long polypeptides that could form?

There would be a 32-fold decrease in diversity

True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.

True

During protein synthesis, the peptide bond between amino acids is formed by the process of _____.

condensation

Acidic

glutamic acid

The secondary structure of proteins results because of ______ bonding between atoms in the proteins backbone.

hydrogen

Which polymers are composed of amino acids?

proteins