Chapter 3 - Mineral

Which of the following is considered to make up a mineralor minerals?

A fossil baby tooth

What is the processes by which minerals are NOT made?

Acid reactions from rain

Why might a single mineral (like pyrite) have several different crystal habits?

Atoms in its structure can be arranged differently.

What is the most common mineral formed by life?

Calcite

When a mineral precipitates from solution, it ____________.

Crystallizes into a crystal

What are the arrangements of silica tetrahedra in silicate minerals?

Double Chain, 3-D frameworks, Single Chain, Isolated, and Sheets.

What controls a mineral's color?

Elements present

Which of the following does not cause an increase in mineralprecipitation?

Heating a fluid

Which of these is actually a mineral?

Icicle hanging from a pine tree

When a positively-charged sodium ion is chemically bonded with a negatively-charged chlorine ion to make sodium chloride (i.e. the mineral halite), this is an example of _____.

Ionic Bonding

If a magnesium ion is labeled +2, what does that mean?

It has lost two electrons

What is the most common origin of carbonate minerals in nature?

Made by marine life. Calcite - shell fish. (precipitation via marine life)

Why are only some minerals found as native minerals? For example, iron and aluminum are almost never found as native elements in nature.

Most elements are too reactive to occur in native form. Elements like iron and aluminum are so reactive they most commonly form mineral compounds in nature and are rarely found in elemental form.

5 Mineral Characteristics

Naturally Occurring Inorganic Solid Regular Crystalline Structure Definite Chemical Composition

Which mineral family has silica tetrahedra that are not connected by sharing corner oxygens with other tetrahedra and are thus isolated tetrahedra?

Olivine

The igneous mineral olivine has a formula (Fe,Mg)SiO4. What does the (Fe,Mg) mean?

The mineral took either Fe or Mg from the magma as needed.

What makes native elements different then all other minerals?

They contain only one element

Which of the following is NOT an arrangement of silica tetrahedra in silicate minerals?

Triple Chain

Which mineral group is composed of a 3-D framework of silica tetrahedra?

feldspar

If an atom of the twelfth element (magnesium) has an atomic mass of 25, how many protons (p), neutrons (n), and electrons (e) does it have?

p=12, n=13, e=12

What is the chemical formula of the silica tetrahedra, the building block of all silicate minerals?

SiO4 - 1 Silicon & 4 Oxygens make up the tetrahedron

What are the two (2) most abundant elements in Earth's crust?

Silicon (Si) & Oxygen (O)

Which mineral group provides important sources of ores of copper, lead, and zinc, among other metals?

Sulfides - common within mining

Minerals have a crystalline structure. What does this mean?

That the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repetitive manner.