Chapter 3 Multiple Choice

According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was __________. a. the warehousing of the surplus population of immigrants b. detention of those sentenced by the court c. to detain persons awaiting trial and to shelter misfits d. to inflict short-term punishment (e.g., corporal punishment) on the offender

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Today the most pressing medical issue in jails relates to offenders at risk for ________, accounting for 7% of jail deaths annually in the United States. a. gonorrhea b. suicide c. tuberculosis d. diabetes

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According to the scenario, what special issues may the jail face with Debbie? a. mental health issues b. withdrawal from alcohol c. too many visitors d. withdrawal from meth

a

Based on the above scenario, what type of facility is Rob the administrator of? a. new-generation jail b. old school jail c. supermax jail d. jail of the future

a

Caleb didn't appear for court; therefore, it is believed he ________. a. absconded b. died c. forgot d. got lost

a

Caleb was held in custody for two weeks before he could pay for his release. Once he was released, he was confined to his home per court order and under constant surveillance. Caleb failed to appear for his next court appearance. What release mechanism was used for Caleb's release? a. bail b. parole c. release on recognizance d. expiration release

a

Debbie was arrested for a domestic assault against her husband. She was placed in a secure facility for 36 hours before appearing before a judge. The judge ordered her to remain in custody until her next court hearing. Debbie reported that she was not taking her medications when she assaulted her husband, but adamantly denied she was under the influence of drugs or alcohol. After her second court appearance, Debbie was released on her promise to reappear. What type of facility was Debbie placed in before her court appearance? a. lockup b. mental health ward c. detox center d. prison

a

Defendants who do not appear for a court hearing are called _________. a. absconders b. air heads c. forgetters d. inmates

a

In 1984, the ________ authorized holding allegedly dangerous defendants without bail, for what has become known as preventive detention. a. Comprehensive Crime Control Act b. Statutory Crime Control Act c. Federal Crime Control Act d. Congressional Crime Control Act

a

Pretrial detainees ________. a. have not been convicted of the crimes they are being held on. b. have no rights. c. typically have medical insurance. d. rarely have substance abuse issues.

a

Rob is a jail administrator. The facility he oversees is designed in podular units and encourages staff and offender interaction. However, maintaining qualified staff is an ongoing issue for Rob. Based on the information in the scenario, what issue does Rob face as an administrator? a. personnel matters b. inmate violence c. inmate suicides d. overcrowding

a

The idea behind the American jail system was adopted from which country? a. England b. France c. Ireland d. Spain

a

The most dramatic problems posed by offenders with drug abuse issues is during ________. a. withdrawal b. the trial c. the arrest d. the booking

a

What program was Caleb ordered to upon release? a. electric monitoring b. parole c. boot camp d. halfway house

a

What supervision style is used in this jail? a. direct supervision b. indirect supervision c. inmate-run supervision d. hands-off supervision

a

What type of release was ordered for Debbie? a. release on recognizance b. bail c. parole d. probation

a

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the most significant problems jail inmates face today? a. nutrition b. mental health issues c. substance dependency d. legal concerns

a

While awaiting the next court appearance, Debbie was held on ________. a. pretrial detention b. a parole violation c. post court detention d. a probation violation

a

With the development of the ________ in the sixteenth century, the sheriff took on added responsibilities for vagrants and the unemployed who were sent there. a. workhouse b. penitentiary c. jail d. lockup

a

Jails are considered to be the ________ corrections. a. bright point of b. entryway to c. dark side of d. ultimate barrier to

b

One of the best ways to reduce ________ is to develop specific standards for routine jail operation practices and procedures. a. rehabilitation b. litigation c. recidivism d. overcrowding

b

One of the most troubling trends in the U.S. jail system that has occurred over the past two decades is the increasing incarceration rate for________. a. young white males b. young African American males c. young Hispanic males d. young Asian males

b

Operated as facilities to detain accused people awaiting trial, jails have customarily been run by ________. a. state police b. county sheriffs c. state probation departments d. state parole departments

b

Which facility is operated under a joint agreement between two or more government units, with a jail board drawn from representatives of the participating jurisdictions and having varying authority over policy, budget, operations, and personnel? a. federal jail b. regional jail c. state jail d. county jail

b

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of privately run jails? a. paying staff less to work there. b. building jails in depressed rural areas. c. skimpy services. d. incentive to keep the jail full

b

_________ refers to a type of jail confinement in which the accused is locked up in order to protect the community from the potential crimes the accused may commit if released before trial. a. Shock probation b. Preventive detention c. Controlled internment d. Defensive confinement

b

According to the last jail census, most jail employees (72%) are expected to perform ________ duties as their primary responsibility. a. treatment b. educational c. custodial d. clerical

c

In the 1800s, the main goal of the jail began to change in response to the ________ movement. a. probation b. reformatory c. penitentiary d. mark system

c

Nationally, about ___ % of all people placed in jail have been found to be under the influence of alcohol or an illegal drug at the time of arrest. a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75

c

New-generation jails are the most recent development in jail design. Which of the following is NOT one of the general concepts used within this design? a. interaction space b. podular design c. individual privacy d. personal space

c

The ________ system is a system in which jail operations are funded by a set amount paid per day for each inmate held. a. pay b. lease c. fee d. provider

c

The average delay between and arrest and sentencing is _________. a. about one week. b. about two months. c. more than six months. d. at least one year.

c

Which of the following is NOT a general trend for the future of jails? a. Many jurisdictions have renovated or replaced jail facilities since the early 1970s. b. Many jurisdictions are joining together to build and maintain a single jail to serve their collective needs. c. Jails are becoming more suitable to treat inmates with mental disorders and drug addiction. d. There is a growing emphasis on strengthening alternatives to jail.

c

A ________ is a temporary holding facility (up to 48 hours) for those who have been arrested and are awaiting an appearance in front of a judge. a. day reporting center b. holding camp c. community center d. lockup

d

By far the most successful pretrial release program has been ________. a. day reporting centers b. percentage bail (10%) c. property bonds d. release on recognizance (ROR)

d

Generally, it has been found that building new jails or ________ the capacity of existing facilities has little impact on the problem of crowding. a. limiting b. controlling c. decreasing d. increasing

d

Jail sentences are typically reserved for those who have committed misdemeanors and minor felonies and usually do not exceed _________. a. a month b. six weeks c. three months d. a year

d

Recently, there has been a major emphasis on programs to offenders awaiting trial. a. punish b. convict c. sentence d. release

d

When a correctional officer uses his or her authority to deprive an inmate of his or her rights, that inmate can sue to halt the violation and collect damages. a. Miranda b. universal c. Federalist d. civil

d

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of preventive detention? a. It violates the due process provisions of the Constitution. b. The practice is impractical. c. Only a small proportion of all defendants who are released pending trial are arrested for another crime before trial. d. There is a need for protection from accused criminals.

d

Which of the following is NOT one of the three mains reasons used to support pretrial diversion programs? a. Diversion is cheaper than criminal justice processing. b. There is a stigma attached to being labeled a criminal. c. Many offenders' crimes are caused by special problems (e.g., addiction). d. These programs help prevent the accused from committing further crimes.

d

_________ supervision is a method of correctional management in which staff members have direct physical contact with inmates throughout the day. a. Deterrent b. Pretrial c. Preventive d. Direct

d