Chapter 3: physical and cognitive development in infancy
How far can a newborn see?
1 foot away
The average North American newborn is ______ inches long.
20
An fMRI study confirmed capacity of the fetus to hear at Blank______ into the prenatal period by assessing brain response to auditory stimuli.
33-34
The average North American newborn weighs ______ pounds.
7 1/2
Research has shown that ______ has multiple benefits for infants, such as a lower risk of respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections.
Breast feeding
Damage to the left frontal lobe and difficultly speaking means that the ____ area was damaged
Broca's area
The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting is referred to as the ________ theory.
Dynamic systems
True or false: The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth occurs in the middle trunk and progresses outward to the head and feet.
False
What represents most accurately the view of neuroscientists on creativity and lateralization?
Most neuroscientists agree that creativity is complex and therefore is not lateralized.
Which theorist believed that humans are biologically programmed to learn language at a certain time and in a certain way?
Noam Chomsky
AAP reccomends what to reduce the risk of SIDS
Place children to sleep on their back
attention and emotion are predominantly
Right hemisphere activities
Which of the following have been linked to infant sleep problems?
Screentime and maternal depression
What are the purposes of reflexes?
They allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment and are survival mechanisms, which are genetically carried.
Chomsky believed that children are born into the world with a language
acquisition device.
Perception and ______ are coupled with each other. This is demonstrated through the movement of one's head, hands, arms, and eyes.
action
The focusing of mental resources is known as
attention
highest risk ages for sids
between 1-4 months
An interactionist view emphasizes that both ______ contribute to language acquisition.
biology and experience
Reading and performing music are generally believed to involve ______ of the brain.
both hemispheres
The ______ pattern of growth is reflected in the fact that infants can see an object before they can control their torso.
cephalocaudal
The rapid development of the brain in infancy can be attributed to the
cephalocaudal principle.
Which sound do infants demonstrate first?
crying
Those who emphasize learning and experience in perceptual development are called?
empiricists
Research has found that the MOST important visual stimuli in children's social environment are quite possibly?
faces
True or false: Infants do not show interest in human faces until they reach 12 months of age.
false
Which of the following can be inferred as an outcome of the research by DeCasper and Spence (1986) in which mothers read The Cat in the Hat to their fetuses and then to the children post-birth?
fetuses can learn and hear
Any activity that requires finger dexterity would be referred to as a
fine motor skill.
A six day old baby's hearing can distinguish
high pitched sounds better than low pitched
What are outcomes of breast feeding for children?
increased maturation of the immune system, fewer gastrointestinal infections, and less chance of becoming overweight or obese
The action of a child crawling across the room to grab a colorful toy would be an example of intermodal perception because it?
integrates information from multiple sensory modalities.
What view emphasizes that language acquisition occurs because of both biological and environmental influences.
interactionist
The integration of information from two or more sensory modalities is called?
intermodal perception.
Gross motor skills
involve large-muscle activities.
______ is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols.
language
What refers to the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex?
lateralization
One of the key debates in developmental psychology as it relates to perceptual development is the longstanding issue of
nature vs. nurture
The most common infant sleep-related problem is
nighttime waking.
What is true of intermodal perception
people experiance the world as a smooth unitary episode through intermodal perception
The main theme of the ecological approach of Eleanor and James J. Gibson is that ______ and action are coupled.
perception
positive breash feeding outcomes for mothers
reduced risk of ovarian cancer
Behaviors that are built-in reactions to stimuli that allow infants to respond to their environment before they have learned the behavior are called
reflexes
Which of the following are components of language?
rules for combining words, words used by a community, and rules for varying words
Grasping, strategies for problem solving, driving a car, and balancing a budget are all examples of ______, according to Piaget.
schemes
______ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors.
sensation
Symptoms of brain swelling and hemmoragging can be
shaken baby syndrome
What are gross moter skills?
swimming, walking, jumping rope
The current view of perceptual-motor coupling in infants is
the dynamic systems view.
Arnold Gessel proposed that development occurs through what
the unfolding of a genetic plan
What sensation occurs as rays of light contact the eyes, become focused on the retina and are transmitted by the optic nerve to the visual centers of the brain?
vision