Chapter 3: physical and cognitive development in infancy

How far can a newborn see?

1 foot away

The average North American newborn is ______ inches long.

20

An fMRI study confirmed capacity of the fetus to hear at Blank______ into the prenatal period by assessing brain response to auditory stimuli.

33-34

The average North American newborn weighs ______ pounds.

7 1/2

Research has shown that ______ has multiple benefits for infants, such as a lower risk of respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections.

Breast feeding

Damage to the left frontal lobe and difficultly speaking means that the ____ area was damaged

Broca's area

The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting is referred to as the ________ theory.

Dynamic systems

True or false: The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth occurs in the middle trunk and progresses outward to the head and feet.

False

What represents most accurately the view of neuroscientists on creativity and lateralization?

Most neuroscientists agree that creativity is complex and therefore is not lateralized.

Which theorist believed that humans are biologically programmed to learn language at a certain time and in a certain way?

Noam Chomsky

AAP reccomends what to reduce the risk of SIDS

Place children to sleep on their back

attention and emotion are predominantly

Right hemisphere activities

Which of the following have been linked to infant sleep problems?

Screentime and maternal depression

What are the purposes of reflexes?

They allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment and are survival mechanisms, which are genetically carried.

Chomsky believed that children are born into the world with a language

acquisition device.

Perception and ______ are coupled with each other. This is demonstrated through the movement of one's head, hands, arms, and eyes.

action

The focusing of mental resources is known as

attention

highest risk ages for sids

between 1-4 months

An interactionist view emphasizes that both ______ contribute to language acquisition.

biology and experience

Reading and performing music are generally believed to involve ______ of the brain.

both hemispheres

The ______ pattern of growth is reflected in the fact that infants can see an object before they can control their torso.

cephalocaudal

The rapid development of the brain in infancy can be attributed to the

cephalocaudal principle.

Which sound do infants demonstrate first?

crying

Those who emphasize learning and experience in perceptual development are called?

empiricists

Research has found that the MOST important visual stimuli in children's social environment are quite possibly?

faces

True or false: Infants do not show interest in human faces until they reach 12 months of age.

false

Which of the following can be inferred as an outcome of the research by DeCasper and Spence (1986) in which mothers read The Cat in the Hat to their fetuses and then to the children post-birth?

fetuses can learn and hear

Any activity that requires finger dexterity would be referred to as a

fine motor skill.

A six day old baby's hearing can distinguish

high pitched sounds better than low pitched

What are outcomes of breast feeding for children?

increased maturation of the immune system, fewer gastrointestinal infections, and less chance of becoming overweight or obese

The action of a child crawling across the room to grab a colorful toy would be an example of intermodal perception because it?

integrates information from multiple sensory modalities.

What view emphasizes that language acquisition occurs because of both biological and environmental influences.

interactionist

The integration of information from two or more sensory modalities is called?

intermodal perception.

Gross motor skills

involve large-muscle activities.

______ is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols.

language

What refers to the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex?

lateralization

One of the key debates in developmental psychology as it relates to perceptual development is the longstanding issue of

nature vs. nurture

The most common infant sleep-related problem is

nighttime waking.

What is true of intermodal perception

people experiance the world as a smooth unitary episode through intermodal perception

The main theme of the ecological approach of Eleanor and James J. Gibson is that ______ and action are coupled.

perception

positive breash feeding outcomes for mothers

reduced risk of ovarian cancer

Behaviors that are built-in reactions to stimuli that allow infants to respond to their environment before they have learned the behavior are called

reflexes

Which of the following are components of language?

rules for combining words, words used by a community, and rules for varying words

Grasping, strategies for problem solving, driving a car, and balancing a budget are all examples of ______, according to Piaget.

schemes

______ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors.

sensation

Symptoms of brain swelling and hemmoragging can be

shaken baby syndrome

What are gross moter skills?

swimming, walking, jumping rope

The current view of perceptual-motor coupling in infants is

the dynamic systems view.

Arnold Gessel proposed that development occurs through what

the unfolding of a genetic plan

What sensation occurs as rays of light contact the eyes, become focused on the retina and are transmitted by the optic nerve to the visual centers of the brain?

vision