LearningCurve Module 22. Biology, Cognition, and Learning

If a child is watching a favorite sibling getting scolded for misbehavior, a _____ neuron is likely to be activated in an empathetic response to this observation.

mirror

_____ is a pioneering learning researcher who highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior.

Albert Bandura

Nicole's parents are often inconsistent in terms of their behaviors and what they say. For example, they often tell Nicole how important it is to be polite, but are not very polite themselves when it comes to letting other people off airplanes or giving up seats on public buses. How would one expect this contradiction to impact Nicole's behavior?

She will act rudely but talk about how important it is to be polite.

Evolved tendencies for species to learn some behaviors more easily than others are called _____ constraints on learning.

biological

Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward. These findings provide support for the role of _____ in operant behavior.

cognitive processes

Ever since she foolishly drank too much tequila at a rock concert and vomited all over her best friend, Erin becomes nauseous at the smell or taste of tequila. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the smell of tequila is now a(n) _____.

conditioned stimulus

An experimenter visits a preschool with a big box of markers and paper. The children are told that they can draw as many pictures as they want. The children enjoy the task very much. On another visit, the children are told that for every picture they draw they will earn a prize. Two weeks later when the experimenter returns, he offers the markers and paper for drawing but says that no prizes will be given. The children draw very little with the markers because extrinsic rewards can undermine _____ motivation.

intrinsic

Juan is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. David is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a pre-med program at a competitive university. Unlike David, Juan is motivated by _____ motivation.

intrinsic

Marcus is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. Wade is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a pre-med program at a competitive university. Marcus is motivated by _____, while Wade is motivated by _____.

intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

The process of learning and imitating behavior is called:

modeling.

Many business organizations effectively use _____ to train communications, sales, and customer service skills. Trainees gain skills faster when they are not only taught the needed skills in a classroom or lecture setting, but also are able to see the skills being practiced effectively by experienced workers.

observational learning

Younger children may learn to do some things at a younger age than did their older siblings because of:

observational learning