Chapter 3 psyc 290
The extent to which a researcher is honest and truthful in his or her actions values methods measures and dissemination of research is called
Scientific integrity
in what study where participants are randomly assigned to be a prisoner or a guard in order to investigate how social roles influence behavior
Stanford Prison study
The Tuskegee syphilis study eventually led to the publication of which formal document regarding the ethical treatment of human participants
The Belmont report
is a published document that recommends three principles for the ethical conduct of research with human participants respect for persons beneficence and justice
The Belmont report
in 1968 researchers with the usphs in others raised concerns about the ethics of the Tuskegee syphilis study. what was their response the following year?
The Centers for Disease Control in other agencies reaffirmed support for the study in the study continued
____________ is the first international code for ethical conduct in research consisting of 10 directives aimed at the protection of human participants
The Nuremberg code
The key ethical concern for the Milgram obedience experiments was
to elevate the significant stress placed on the anticipates for obeying the orders of the authority figure to shock the learner
a researcher tells participants that their identity will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study what level of privacy has the researcher assured participant
Confidentiality
_________% of participants shocked up to the 300 volts level in the Milgram obedience experiments although no shocks were actually administered
100
The Tuskegee syphilis study began in _____________ and was terminated in_______________
1932 and 1972
In what year was the nuemberg code published
1947
I love the Stanford Prison study was planned to last 2 weeks how long did the study actually continue
6 days
___________% of participants shocked up to the maximum of 450 volts level in the Milgram obedience experiments although no shocks were actually administered
65
a researcher tells participants that they will be waiting the quality of actors in a movie clip although the actual purpose of the study was to determine if laughter from a Confederate during the movie clip would influence if the participants laughed. the reason for the study told to participants by the researchers is an example of
A cover story
Which of the following is an example of a researcher who is not applying research ethics
A researcher requires a participant to continue in the study even know that participant requested to stop participating
Excessive incentives are viewed as
A type of coercion or undue influence on the part of the researcher in order to gain participation
In the Milgram obedience experiments what did the authority figure order the participant to do
Administer shocks to the Learner in increments of 15 Volts for each successive incorrect response
To apply research ethics when do we reflect on what did happen
After a research study is conducted
Research ethics is important
All of the above
To meet the challenges of anticipating potential risks and benefit in research all research institutions appoint
An Ethics Review Committee
To conduct a research study the researcher first writes a research protocol that is reviewed by
An IRB or an iacuc could be correct
a researcher tells participants that their identity will remain unknown even to those involved in the study what level of privacy has the researcher assured participants
Anonymity
The difficulty of __________ what will happen in a study is the biggest ethical challenge that researchers face
Anticipating
A_________ is a code researcher or actor who pretends to be a participant in a research study for the purposes of scientific investigation
Confederate
the consent of a minor or other legally incapable persons to agree to participate in research only after receiving an appropriate explanation in reasonably understandable language is called
Assent
An iacuc must consists of each of the following members except
At least one administrative secretary
A debriefing is given at what stage in the research process
At the end of the study immediately after all procedures have been conducted
All the following are important parts of applying research ethics except
Avoiding the study altogether
To apply research ethics what do we anticipate what might happen
Before a research study is conducted
_____________ is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that it is the researchers responsibility to minimize the potential guests and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study
Beneficence
Which president offered a formal apology for the conduct of the Tuskegee syphilis study
Bill Clinton
An Institutional review board consists of at least five members who perform what primary function
Board members review research protocols
In the Milgram obedience experiments the teacher was always the __________ and the learner was always the __________
Confederate; participant
For which of the following levels of privacy are researchers allowed to identify or track participants information
Confidentiality
participants who were randomly assigned to be guards in the Stanford Prison study engage in all of the following behaviors during the study except
Contribute to the death of several prisoners
A ___________ is a false explanation or story intended to prevent research participants from discovering the true purpose of a research study
Cover story
____________ is a strategy used by researchers in which participants are deliberately misled concerning the true purpose and nature of the research being conducted
Deception
Degree publication of original data that were previously published is called
Duplication
To apply research ethics when do we React to what is happening
During a research study
which of the following was not an ethical concern for the tuskegee syphilis study that eventually led to public outrage in the termination of the study
Emotional maltreatment of participants
The aims of ethical standards in behavioral research are to
Ensure that all human participants are informed and protected from harm
researches for the robbers cave experiment separated two groups for the first week of camp and then had the groups compete against each other in the second week in order to do all of the following except
Examine adherence to Authority
in one example in researcher made up to 50% of reported data on sleep apnea in severally obese patients mean that this researcher
Fabricated data
_______________ is 2 concept methods or data that misrepresent aspects of a research study with the intent to deceive others
Fabrication
The care and use of animal should follow which of the following laws
Federal state and local laws
The APA Code of Ethics extends the ethical principles outlined in the Belmont report to include which additional principles
Fidelity and responsibility, and integrity
Researchers are responsible for the welfare of animal subjects
For the full duration of time that they are under the researchers care
When publishing or professionally presenting research that are all individuals who "__________" to the work should be recognized as an author
Have substantially contributed
how did Philip zimbardo protect the welfare of the participants in the prisoners in particular in his Stanford Prison study
He ended the study after only six days
Every institution that receives Federal funding for animal research must have established a_____________two of you the ethics of all research projects
Iacuc
All of the following is correct regarding the submission of a human research protocol to an IRB except
If a research protocol is rejected it cannot be resubmitted to the IRB even if it is revised
All participants are required to give informed consent __________ participating in research
Prior to
Which of the following statements is true
Incentives given to participants must never be contingent on the individual's actual participation in a study
A __________is a sign or a verbal agreement in which participants State they are willing to participate in a research study after being informed of all aspects of their role in the study
Informed consent
Which of the following is used in research to specifically meet the principle of respect for persons in the Belgium report
Informed consent
What does iacuc stand for
Institutional Animal Care and use committee
Every institution that receives Federal funding for human participants research must have established a ___________ to give you the ethics of all research projects
Irb
the data upon which researchers base their conclusions should be made available to other scientists upon request when
It does not compromise the confidentiality of participants and it is permitted by law
___________ is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that all participants should be treated fairly and equally in terms of receiving the benefits in bearing the risks in research
Justice
in a study on female gender roles a researcher justifies that men can be excluded from participating Which principle in the Belmont report was the researcher being considerate of
Justice
Once approved by an IRB the research protocol acts as a ___________ to which the researchers and the institutions must comply
Legal document
in what study was an experimental setting staged to make participants think that they were causing harm to another participant by administering electric shocks
Milgram's obedience experiments
Beneficence means that researchers make every effort to _________ the risks and __________ the benefits of participating in scientific research
Minimize ; maximize
Which of the following government agencies provided funding or support at one time or another for the Tuskegee syphilis study
National Medical Association
The Nuremberg code was a directive written in response to what type of war crimes during World War II
Nazi medical experiments in concentration camps
All the following factors can sometimes influence University Research is to engage in unethical Behavior except
No guidance from an IRB given that not all universities have IRB committees
The categories of risk as determined by an IRB include
No risk, minimal risk, or greater than minimal risk
The ethical conflict in research arises from researchers desire to achieve _________ regardless of the_________ required to achieve those results
Outcomes; means
a procedure used by scientific journals in which a manuscript or work is sent to peers or experts in that area to review the work and determine its scientific value or worth regarding publication is called
Peer review
The verdict from the doctor's trial in 1947 included a section called __________ which has come to be known as the __________
Permissible medical experiments; Nuremberg code
An individuals use of someone else's ideas or work that is represented as his or her own ideas or work is called
Plagiarism
A researcher uses ideas describing another work in submits it without giving proper credit to the original authors of that work. What has the researcher done
Plagiarized the work
The Nuremberg code list 10 directives aim to
Protect human participants from unnecessary harm
When is petition approval is required by an IRB researchers must
Provide accurate information concerning the proposed program of research
The reproduction of research procedures under identical conditions for the purposes of observing the same phenomenon is called
Replication
A___________ is a proposal submitted by a researcher to an IRB outlining the details of a study he or she wishes to complete and how he or she will address potential ethical concerns
Research protocol
A researcher conducts a study in which participants give informed consent prior to participating. what's the study is completed the researcher also gives participants a debriefing to clarify the procedures used in the study and to let participants know whom to contact if they have any questions. Which principle in the Belmont report was the researcher being considerate of.
Respect for persons
Is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that participants in a research study must be autonomous agent capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research
Respect for persons
The purpose of giving a debriefing is to demonstrate which principle and the Belmont report
Respect for persons
The purpose of obtaining informed consent is to demonstrate which principle in the Belmont report
Respect for persons
what are the three principles identified in the Belmont report for the ethical conduct of research using human participants
Respect for persons, beneficence and justice
Research ethics identifies the actions that researchers must take to conduct
Responsible and moral research
To meet the requirement of beneficence the research must complete what type of analysis
Risk-benefit analysis
Which of the following is used in research to specifically meet the principle of beneficence in the Belmont report
Risk-benefit analysis
in what study did researchers create a camp in which they manipulated Prejudice between two groups of boys at a state park in Oklahoma
Roberrs cave experiment
The Belmont report was published in response to public outrage over
The Tuskegee syphilis study
Regarding the care and use of animals the APA code of conduct States that
The care in the use of animal subjects should comply with federal state and local laws
The number coding is ________ of research ethics
The first international code
in the 1940s penicillin became widely available as an effective treatment for syphilis what did the researchers in the Tuskegee syphilis study do in response to this new treatment
They denied the men access to penicillin and continue to study
An informed consent must inform participants of each of the following except
The names of other participants who have already participated
Which document contains ten directives aim to protect you and participants from unnecessary harm
The nuremburg code
Before making recordings researchers must obtain informed consent except when
The research is conducted strictly in naturalistic settings and poses no anticipated risk of personal identification or harm in the research requires deception in can send to is obtained after the recordings have been made
The key ethical concern for the Stanford Prison study was
The welfare of the participants in the prisoners in particular
The key ethical concern for the robbers cave experiment was
To eliminate Prejudice between the groups before Camp ended
It is __________ to duplicate or republish as original data previously published data
Unethical
All the following is the responsibility of the researcher to protect the care and use of animals except
Use appropriate consent procedures with animals
For a participant to give informed consent the individual must have the ability to do all of the following except
Waive their right to withdraw from the study
The number code was a directive written in response to war crimes committed during which war
World War II
Justice in an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that
all participants should be treated fairly and equally in terms of receiving the benefits and bearing the risks and research
how did Stanley Milgram Elevate the significant stress place on participants for obeying his orders in his obedience experiments
he disclosed to participants the true intent of his experiments and that no shocks were ever administered after the experiment was completed
Beneficence is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that
it is the research responsibility to minimize the potential risks and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study
Respect for persons is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that
participants in a research study must be autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research
What documents provides guidelines for the protection of animals in research
the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals and the guidelines for ethical conduct in the care and use of non-human animals in research
How muzafer sheriff the alleviate Intergroup conflict and Prejudice between groups before ending the robbers cave experiment
the researchers staged a broken down Camp truck that needed to be pulled up a steep hill that required cooperation between the groups
