Chapter 3 psyc 290

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The extent to which a researcher is honest and truthful in his or her actions values methods measures and dissemination of research is called

Scientific integrity

in what study where participants are randomly assigned to be a prisoner or a guard in order to investigate how social roles influence behavior

Stanford Prison study

The Tuskegee syphilis study eventually led to the publication of which formal document regarding the ethical treatment of human participants

The Belmont report

is a published document that recommends three principles for the ethical conduct of research with human participants respect for persons beneficence and justice

The Belmont report

in 1968 researchers with the usphs in others raised concerns about the ethics of the Tuskegee syphilis study. what was their response the following year?

The Centers for Disease Control in other agencies reaffirmed support for the study in the study continued

____________ is the first international code for ethical conduct in research consisting of 10 directives aimed at the protection of human participants

The Nuremberg code

The key ethical concern for the Milgram obedience experiments was

to elevate the significant stress placed on the anticipates for obeying the orders of the authority figure to shock the learner

a researcher tells participants that their identity will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study what level of privacy has the researcher assured participant

Confidentiality

_________% of participants shocked up to the 300 volts level in the Milgram obedience experiments although no shocks were actually administered

100

The Tuskegee syphilis study began in _____________ and was terminated in_______________

1932 and 1972

In what year was the nuemberg code published

1947

I love the Stanford Prison study was planned to last 2 weeks how long did the study actually continue

6 days

___________% of participants shocked up to the maximum of 450 volts level in the Milgram obedience experiments although no shocks were actually administered

65

a researcher tells participants that they will be waiting the quality of actors in a movie clip although the actual purpose of the study was to determine if laughter from a Confederate during the movie clip would influence if the participants laughed. the reason for the study told to participants by the researchers is an example of

A cover story

Which of the following is an example of a researcher who is not applying research ethics

A researcher requires a participant to continue in the study even know that participant requested to stop participating

Excessive incentives are viewed as

A type of coercion or undue influence on the part of the researcher in order to gain participation

In the Milgram obedience experiments what did the authority figure order the participant to do

Administer shocks to the Learner in increments of 15 Volts for each successive incorrect response

To apply research ethics when do we reflect on what did happen

After a research study is conducted

Research ethics is important

All of the above

To meet the challenges of anticipating potential risks and benefit in research all research institutions appoint

An Ethics Review Committee

To conduct a research study the researcher first writes a research protocol that is reviewed by

An IRB or an iacuc could be correct

a researcher tells participants that their identity will remain unknown even to those involved in the study what level of privacy has the researcher assured participants

Anonymity

The difficulty of __________ what will happen in a study is the biggest ethical challenge that researchers face

Anticipating

A_________ is a code researcher or actor who pretends to be a participant in a research study for the purposes of scientific investigation

Confederate

the consent of a minor or other legally incapable persons to agree to participate in research only after receiving an appropriate explanation in reasonably understandable language is called

Assent

An iacuc must consists of each of the following members except

At least one administrative secretary

A debriefing is given at what stage in the research process

At the end of the study immediately after all procedures have been conducted

All the following are important parts of applying research ethics except

Avoiding the study altogether

To apply research ethics what do we anticipate what might happen

Before a research study is conducted

_____________ is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that it is the researchers responsibility to minimize the potential guests and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study

Beneficence

Which president offered a formal apology for the conduct of the Tuskegee syphilis study

Bill Clinton

An Institutional review board consists of at least five members who perform what primary function

Board members review research protocols

In the Milgram obedience experiments the teacher was always the __________ and the learner was always the __________

Confederate; participant

For which of the following levels of privacy are researchers allowed to identify or track participants information

Confidentiality

participants who were randomly assigned to be guards in the Stanford Prison study engage in all of the following behaviors during the study except

Contribute to the death of several prisoners

A ___________ is a false explanation or story intended to prevent research participants from discovering the true purpose of a research study

Cover story

____________ is a strategy used by researchers in which participants are deliberately misled concerning the true purpose and nature of the research being conducted

Deception

Degree publication of original data that were previously published is called

Duplication

To apply research ethics when do we React to what is happening

During a research study

which of the following was not an ethical concern for the tuskegee syphilis study that eventually led to public outrage in the termination of the study

Emotional maltreatment of participants

The aims of ethical standards in behavioral research are to

Ensure that all human participants are informed and protected from harm

researches for the robbers cave experiment separated two groups for the first week of camp and then had the groups compete against each other in the second week in order to do all of the following except

Examine adherence to Authority

in one example in researcher made up to 50% of reported data on sleep apnea in severally obese patients mean that this researcher

Fabricated data

_______________ is 2 concept methods or data that misrepresent aspects of a research study with the intent to deceive others

Fabrication

The care and use of animal should follow which of the following laws

Federal state and local laws

The APA Code of Ethics extends the ethical principles outlined in the Belmont report to include which additional principles

Fidelity and responsibility, and integrity

Researchers are responsible for the welfare of animal subjects

For the full duration of time that they are under the researchers care

When publishing or professionally presenting research that are all individuals who "__________" to the work should be recognized as an author

Have substantially contributed

how did Philip zimbardo protect the welfare of the participants in the prisoners in particular in his Stanford Prison study

He ended the study after only six days

Every institution that receives Federal funding for animal research must have established a_____________two of you the ethics of all research projects

Iacuc

All of the following is correct regarding the submission of a human research protocol to an IRB except

If a research protocol is rejected it cannot be resubmitted to the IRB even if it is revised

All participants are required to give informed consent __________ participating in research

Prior to

Which of the following statements is true

Incentives given to participants must never be contingent on the individual's actual participation in a study

A __________is a sign or a verbal agreement in which participants State they are willing to participate in a research study after being informed of all aspects of their role in the study

Informed consent

Which of the following is used in research to specifically meet the principle of respect for persons in the Belgium report

Informed consent

What does iacuc stand for

Institutional Animal Care and use committee

Every institution that receives Federal funding for human participants research must have established a ___________ to give you the ethics of all research projects

Irb

the data upon which researchers base their conclusions should be made available to other scientists upon request when

It does not compromise the confidentiality of participants and it is permitted by law

___________ is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that all participants should be treated fairly and equally in terms of receiving the benefits in bearing the risks in research

Justice

in a study on female gender roles a researcher justifies that men can be excluded from participating Which principle in the Belmont report was the researcher being considerate of

Justice

Once approved by an IRB the research protocol acts as a ___________ to which the researchers and the institutions must comply

Legal document

in what study was an experimental setting staged to make participants think that they were causing harm to another participant by administering electric shocks

Milgram's obedience experiments

Beneficence means that researchers make every effort to _________ the risks and __________ the benefits of participating in scientific research

Minimize ; maximize

Which of the following government agencies provided funding or support at one time or another for the Tuskegee syphilis study

National Medical Association

The Nuremberg code was a directive written in response to what type of war crimes during World War II

Nazi medical experiments in concentration camps

All the following factors can sometimes influence University Research is to engage in unethical Behavior except

No guidance from an IRB given that not all universities have IRB committees

The categories of risk as determined by an IRB include

No risk, minimal risk, or greater than minimal risk

The ethical conflict in research arises from researchers desire to achieve _________ regardless of the_________ required to achieve those results

Outcomes; means

a procedure used by scientific journals in which a manuscript or work is sent to peers or experts in that area to review the work and determine its scientific value or worth regarding publication is called

Peer review

The verdict from the doctor's trial in 1947 included a section called __________ which has come to be known as the __________

Permissible medical experiments; Nuremberg code

An individuals use of someone else's ideas or work that is represented as his or her own ideas or work is called

Plagiarism

A researcher uses ideas describing another work in submits it without giving proper credit to the original authors of that work. What has the researcher done

Plagiarized the work

The Nuremberg code list 10 directives aim to

Protect human participants from unnecessary harm

When is petition approval is required by an IRB researchers must

Provide accurate information concerning the proposed program of research

The reproduction of research procedures under identical conditions for the purposes of observing the same phenomenon is called

Replication

A___________ is a proposal submitted by a researcher to an IRB outlining the details of a study he or she wishes to complete and how he or she will address potential ethical concerns

Research protocol

A researcher conducts a study in which participants give informed consent prior to participating. what's the study is completed the researcher also gives participants a debriefing to clarify the procedures used in the study and to let participants know whom to contact if they have any questions. Which principle in the Belmont report was the researcher being considerate of.

Respect for persons

Is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that participants in a research study must be autonomous agent capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research

Respect for persons

The purpose of giving a debriefing is to demonstrate which principle and the Belmont report

Respect for persons

The purpose of obtaining informed consent is to demonstrate which principle in the Belmont report

Respect for persons

what are the three principles identified in the Belmont report for the ethical conduct of research using human participants

Respect for persons, beneficence and justice

Research ethics identifies the actions that researchers must take to conduct

Responsible and moral research

To meet the requirement of beneficence the research must complete what type of analysis

Risk-benefit analysis

Which of the following is used in research to specifically meet the principle of beneficence in the Belmont report

Risk-benefit analysis

in what study did researchers create a camp in which they manipulated Prejudice between two groups of boys at a state park in Oklahoma

Roberrs cave experiment

The Belmont report was published in response to public outrage over

The Tuskegee syphilis study

Regarding the care and use of animals the APA code of conduct States that

The care in the use of animal subjects should comply with federal state and local laws

The number coding is ________ of research ethics

The first international code

in the 1940s penicillin became widely available as an effective treatment for syphilis what did the researchers in the Tuskegee syphilis study do in response to this new treatment

They denied the men access to penicillin and continue to study

An informed consent must inform participants of each of the following except

The names of other participants who have already participated

Which document contains ten directives aim to protect you and participants from unnecessary harm

The nuremburg code

Before making recordings researchers must obtain informed consent except when

The research is conducted strictly in naturalistic settings and poses no anticipated risk of personal identification or harm in the research requires deception in can send to is obtained after the recordings have been made

The key ethical concern for the Stanford Prison study was

The welfare of the participants in the prisoners in particular

The key ethical concern for the robbers cave experiment was

To eliminate Prejudice between the groups before Camp ended

It is __________ to duplicate or republish as original data previously published data

Unethical

All the following is the responsibility of the researcher to protect the care and use of animals except

Use appropriate consent procedures with animals

For a participant to give informed consent the individual must have the ability to do all of the following except

Waive their right to withdraw from the study

The number code was a directive written in response to war crimes committed during which war

World War II

Justice in an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that

all participants should be treated fairly and equally in terms of receiving the benefits and bearing the risks and research

how did Stanley Milgram Elevate the significant stress place on participants for obeying his orders in his obedience experiments

he disclosed to participants the true intent of his experiments and that no shocks were ever administered after the experiment was completed

Beneficence is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that

it is the research responsibility to minimize the potential risks and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study

Respect for persons is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont report that states that

participants in a research study must be autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research

What documents provides guidelines for the protection of animals in research

the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals and the guidelines for ethical conduct in the care and use of non-human animals in research

How muzafer sheriff the alleviate Intergroup conflict and Prejudice between groups before ending the robbers cave experiment

the researchers staged a broken down Camp truck that needed to be pulled up a steep hill that required cooperation between the groups


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