Chapter 3 Review Questions

What relates to the role of the microtubules in a eukaryotic cell?

cell shape, cilia and flagella, and organelle movement

The mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell is the site of

cellular respiration

Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy?

chlorophyll

According to endosymbiotic theory, organelles specific to plants called __________ probably evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors.

chloroplasts

According to the endosymbiotic theory, ...... were/was originally photosynthesis bacteria

chloroplasts

The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called ________

chloroplasts

What two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use

chloroplasts and mitochondria

According to endosymbiotic theory, organelles specific to plants called __________ , probably evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors.

chlorplasts

The combination of DNA and protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is called

chromatin

Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form

chromosomes

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _________ , such as beta-hexosaminidase.

enzymes

Cells in which two domains lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

eubacteria and archaea

Which of these cells have a membrane bound nucleus?

eukaryotes only

True or false: Peptidoglycan is a structural component of the cell walls of bacteria, archaeans, and eukaryotes.

false

True or false: The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall.

false

Some bacteria have long, thin appendages that rotate like propellers, allowing the bacterial cell to move in fluid. These appendages are called ________.

flagella

The.... is involved in the movement of a prokaryotic cell

flagella

This organelle acts as a processing center for vesicles leaving the endoplasmic reticulum

golgi apparatus

Which organelle receives proteins and lipid-filled vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and then repackages them for export in secretory vesicles?

golgi apparatus

As the size of a cell decreases, the ratio of its surface area to volume

increases

Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called _________ filaments.

intermediate

The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the

nucleus

What would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

The small structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called

organelles

Which organelle is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus?

ribosome

The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that it is covered with:

ribosomes

Eukaryotic cells contain

a nucleus, DNA, plasma membrane, and mitochondria

Evidence supports a similar process for the origin of the energy organelles, the _________ that carry out photosynthesis and the ___________ that carry out cellular respiration.

1. chloroplasts 2. mitochondria

The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called __________. When highly condensed, as it is in preparation of cell division, this material is called __________.

1. chromatin 2. chromosomes

The smooth ER synthesizes primarily__________ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of ________ molecules.

1. phospholipids 2. proteins

Which molecule is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes?

ATP

Formerly called microfilaments, ____________ filaments are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion.

actin

The component of the cytoskeleton is located just under the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell

actin filaments

What are components of the cytoskeleton?

actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

What two statements are part of the cell theory?

all organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells

Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize _______ during a process called photosynthesis.

carbohydrates

The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the

cell

The smallest structure capable of performing all the basic functions of life is the

cell

A protistan engulfs a macromolecule via a vesicle. Which organelle could fuse to this vesicle and aid in breaking down this molecule?

lysosome

This organelle acts as a digestive organelle and may also be used to recycle the internal components of a cell

lysosome

Due to a mutation in the HEXA gene, a substance called GM2, normally present in the tissues and nerve cells of the brain, accumulates there. This mutation mainly effects enzymes associated with which organelle in an affected individuals' cells? Multiple choice question.

lysosomes

Centrosomes and centrioles act as organizing centers for which component of the cytoskeleton

microtubules

In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur?

mitochondria

The endosymbiotic theory explains the origins of which of the following components of a eukaryotic cell?

mitochondria, chloroplasts, and internal membranes

What are the components of the endomembrane system?

nuclear envelope, endoplasm reticulum, the golgi apparatus, and vesicles

Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides?

peptidoglycan

Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle?

peroxisomes

Which cellular process occurs within chloroplasts?

photosynthesis

Small circular pieces of DNA that are found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell are called

plasmids

Chromatin consists of DNA and associated:

proteins

The fluid-filled space inside a chloroplast is called the

stroma

The cell theory states

the cell is the basic unit of life

True or False: The nucleoplasm has a different fluid composition than the cytoplasm of a cell.

true

True or false: Lysosomes and peroxisomes are structurally similar, but differ according to the enzymes that they contain. True false question.

true

Which protein forms microtubules in the cell?

tubulin

What are components of the cytoplasm?

water, salts, and dissolved organic molecules