CHAPTER 3 (Section1: Chemical compounds in cells)
An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Define an element.
more
Do lipids contain more or less energy than carbohydrates?
20
How many common amino acids are there?
2/3
How much of your body does water make up?
compound
Is water a compound or an element?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (elements)
What are carbohydrates made of?
sugars and starches
What are examples of carbohydrates?
Carbon dioxide (1carbon, 2oxygen), water (1oxygen, 2hydrogen)
What are examples of compounds and what elements are they made of?
potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread
What are examples of foods that contain starch?
water and sodium chloride
What are examples of inorganic compounds?
fats, oils, and waxes
What are examples of lipids?
carbohydrates
What are important components of some cell parts?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are lipids made of?
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
What are nucleic acids made of?
smaller molecules called amino acids
What are protein molecules made of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and (sometimes) sulfur.
What are proteins made of?
Most elements in living things occur in the form of compounds.
What are some compounds that are found in living things?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur.
What are some elements that are found in living things?
complex carbohydrates
What are starches?
DNA and RNA
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?
Oxygen and Nitrogen
What are two examples of elements?
a change in type or order of amino acids can result in different proteins
What can result in a different protein?
water (chemical reactions)
What could most chemical reactions within cells not take place without?
speed up digestion of food by breaking down starches into sugars in your mouth
What do enzymes in saliva do?
starch
What do many foods that come from plants contain?
instructions that cells need to carry out functions of life
What do nucleic acids contain?
parts of the cell membrane, also many of the organelles within the cell.
What do proteins make up in the cell?
directs all of a cell's functions
What does DNA do?
plays an important role in the production of proteins
What does RNA do?
Performs important functions in chemical reactions that take place in cells.
What does an enzyme do?
dissolves chemicals that cells need
What does water do?
Your body breaks down starch into glucose.
What happens when you eat foods that contain starch?
water (size and shape)
What helps cells keep their size and shape?
water (temperature)
What helps keep the temperature of cells from changing rapidly?
genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
What is DNA?
proteins
What is a lot in the structure of cells made of?
cellulose found in cell walls of plants
What is an example of a carbohydrate?
A dormant bear lives on energy stored in fat (a type of lipid) during the winter
What is an example of when lipids are in use?
an element. Many compounds in living things contain carbon.
What is carbon?
a sugar that your cells use to produce energy
What is glucose?
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound
What is the definition of a compound?
a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
What is the definition of an enzyme?
a carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound.
What is the definition of carbohydrates?
Energy-rich organic compounds
What is the definition of lipids?
Very long organic molecules
What is the definition of nucleic acids?
Large, organic molecules
What is the definition of proteins?
organic contain carbon, inorganic do not.
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the long name for DNA?
Ribonucleic acid
What is the long name for RNA?
molecule
What is the smallest unit of a compound?
atom
What is the smallest unit of elements?
Each molecule is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
What is water made of?
Many chemical reactions that are necessary for life would either take too long or not happen at all.
What would happen without enzymes?
during the food-making process that takes place in plants
When are sugars produced?
starches
When sugars combine, what do they form?
cell membranes
Where can lipids be found?
in molecules of starch
Where do plant cells store excess energy?
in the chromatin (which is in the nucleus)
Where is DNA found?
in the cytoplasm and the nucleus
Where is RNA found?
