CHAPTER 3 - The Colonies Take Root

House of Burgesses

Jamestown. Representative government

not very good. Many quarrels

Southern Colonies relationship with Natives

Spanish Colonies of the Borderlands

Spain established a colony in Florida decades before English settlers arrived in North American

Delaware

Quakers who wanted their own representation and thus formed this colony

Where were some Spanish missions

Texas, Arizona and along California coast

South Carolina

large plantations too hold in this colony

John Wintrop

leader of the first settlers at Massachusetts Bay Colony

Act of Toleration in 1649.

It welcomed all Christians and gave adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office.

Georgia

(Southern Colony) It was founded by James Oglethorpe so debtors would be protected and not imprisoned for owing money

Fundamental Orders of Conecticut

1st written constitution

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America.

Pocahontas

A Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life

Charter

A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area

Slavery

Africans came to Virginia to help with work/crops

Dutch West India Company

Company formed by several Dutch people to set up trade with Native Americans.

New Netherland

Dutch colony.. English took over and became New York

Lost Colony of Roanoke

English settlement in the Virginia Colony organized by Sir Walter Raleigh; abandoned the settlement or disappeared.

Jamestown, Virginia (1619)

First permanent settlement. Struggled its first years Representative government

Lord Baltimore

Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists.

rise of manufacturing. Diverse and thriving colonies.

Growth and change in the Middle Colonies (1700's)

St. Augustine

In 1565, Spanish explorers built a fort to stop France from taking over northern Florida. It was the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

In Boston. Had town assembles. Voting limited to white males Puritans did not allow for religious toleration

Starving Time

In Jamestown. There was not enough food because the winter prevented the settlers to plan/

Climate of New England

Long winter, short warm summer, brief growing season Thin rocky soil makes it difficult to farm. Lumber and fishing were more successful

The New England Colonies

MA, CT, RI, NH, Vermont

The Southern Colonies

Maryland, NC, SC, Virginia and Georgia

Squanto

Native American who helped Plymouth survive

Life in Spanish Missions

Native Americans labored there in return for some freedoms not given to them by plantation owners. Native populations decline because of poor living

The Middle Colonies "Breadbasket Colonies"

PENN, Delaware, NJ and New York

Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)

The colony founded by the Pilgrims in order to practice their religious freedom. Self-governement

Tobacco

The crop that helped Jamestown to prosper. Sold to sustain the colony

Mayflower

The ship the Pilgrims arrived on in Plymouth

John Smith

Took over Jamestown.

Puritans

Was persecuted for their religion in England. Wanted to reform not separate from the Church of England. Left to found the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Tobacco and rice. Came to depend of slavery

What were the main crops of the Southern Colonies?

Hard work and dediction

Why did Plymouth prosper?

people were now being born in North America and were more focused on running their farms and business

Why did Puritan influence decline?

King Philips War

a Native American chief. Tried to get the Native Americans to be paid for their land. He was against Puritan growth. Puritans "won" and continued to expand.

Pueblos

civilian towns

Royal Colony

controlled directly by the English king (NJ)

Spain in North American 1600's and early 1700's

controlled much of North America

Spain in North America by 1763

controlled only three major settlements in Florida

Propriety Colony

created by a grant of land from the English king (NY)

Backcountry

cut off from the main road which led to poor conditions

New colonies in New England

disagreements in religion forced some to form their own colonies

Town meetings (assembly)

early form of democratic government. Members had a voice in government

Thomas Hooker

established Conecticut because he disagreed with Puritan ideas.

Pennsylvania

established by WILLIAM PENN with a charter, tried to deal justly with the Natives, believed in freedom of religion, peaceful Quakers

Spanish missions

established to convert Native Americans and to teach them farming and craft skills

Roger Williams

founded Rhode Island after dispute with Puritans. Believed the Natives should be paid for their land. People could worship as they choose.

The Backcountry

frontier land, unsettled (Western Penn.)

Tidewater Region

home of plantations (large farms) which grew cotton, sugar and rice Needed a lot of slave labor.

Borderlands

lands along a frontier. Function was to protect Mexico

Plantations

large farms

Presidios

military posts

Bacon's Rebellion

organized group that began attacking Native Americans and then resulted in Bacon burning down Jamestown

Anne Hutchinson

questioned Puritan teachings and expelled

Religious tolerance

recognizing that others have the right to different beliefs and opinions

North Carolina and Georgia

small farms were more prevalent here

Pilgrim

someone who takes a religious journey

Mercantilism

the colonies existed to make the home country wealthy

Climate of the Southern Colonies

warm, humid climate. Long growing season. Required many laborers (slavery)

Climate of the Middle Colonies

warmer climate/longer growing season. "Breadbasket Colonies" (wheat, fruit, vegetables)

Juan de Onate

went to New Mexico to find gold, to convert Native Americans to Christianity, and to set up a permanent colony. He established the colony of Santa Fe.