CHAPTER 3 - The Colonies Take Root
House of Burgesses
Jamestown. Representative government
not very good. Many quarrels
Southern Colonies relationship with Natives
Spanish Colonies of the Borderlands
Spain established a colony in Florida decades before English settlers arrived in North American
Delaware
Quakers who wanted their own representation and thus formed this colony
Where were some Spanish missions
Texas, Arizona and along California coast
South Carolina
large plantations too hold in this colony
John Wintrop
leader of the first settlers at Massachusetts Bay Colony
Act of Toleration in 1649.
It welcomed all Christians and gave adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office.
Georgia
(Southern Colony) It was founded by James Oglethorpe so debtors would be protected and not imprisoned for owing money
Fundamental Orders of Conecticut
1st written constitution
Mayflower Compact
1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America.
Pocahontas
A Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life
Charter
A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area
Slavery
Africans came to Virginia to help with work/crops
Dutch West India Company
Company formed by several Dutch people to set up trade with Native Americans.
New Netherland
Dutch colony.. English took over and became New York
Lost Colony of Roanoke
English settlement in the Virginia Colony organized by Sir Walter Raleigh; abandoned the settlement or disappeared.
Jamestown, Virginia (1619)
First permanent settlement. Struggled its first years Representative government
Lord Baltimore
Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists.
rise of manufacturing. Diverse and thriving colonies.
Growth and change in the Middle Colonies (1700's)
St. Augustine
In 1565, Spanish explorers built a fort to stop France from taking over northern Florida. It was the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
In Boston. Had town assembles. Voting limited to white males Puritans did not allow for religious toleration
Starving Time
In Jamestown. There was not enough food because the winter prevented the settlers to plan/
Climate of New England
Long winter, short warm summer, brief growing season Thin rocky soil makes it difficult to farm. Lumber and fishing were more successful
The New England Colonies
MA, CT, RI, NH, Vermont
The Southern Colonies
Maryland, NC, SC, Virginia and Georgia
Squanto
Native American who helped Plymouth survive
Life in Spanish Missions
Native Americans labored there in return for some freedoms not given to them by plantation owners. Native populations decline because of poor living
The Middle Colonies "Breadbasket Colonies"
PENN, Delaware, NJ and New York
Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)
The colony founded by the Pilgrims in order to practice their religious freedom. Self-governement
Tobacco
The crop that helped Jamestown to prosper. Sold to sustain the colony
Mayflower
The ship the Pilgrims arrived on in Plymouth
John Smith
Took over Jamestown.
Puritans
Was persecuted for their religion in England. Wanted to reform not separate from the Church of England. Left to found the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Tobacco and rice. Came to depend of slavery
What were the main crops of the Southern Colonies?
Hard work and dediction
Why did Plymouth prosper?
people were now being born in North America and were more focused on running their farms and business
Why did Puritan influence decline?
King Philips War
a Native American chief. Tried to get the Native Americans to be paid for their land. He was against Puritan growth. Puritans "won" and continued to expand.
Pueblos
civilian towns
Royal Colony
controlled directly by the English king (NJ)
Spain in North American 1600's and early 1700's
controlled much of North America
Spain in North America by 1763
controlled only three major settlements in Florida
Propriety Colony
created by a grant of land from the English king (NY)
Backcountry
cut off from the main road which led to poor conditions
New colonies in New England
disagreements in religion forced some to form their own colonies
Town meetings (assembly)
early form of democratic government. Members had a voice in government
Thomas Hooker
established Conecticut because he disagreed with Puritan ideas.
Pennsylvania
established by WILLIAM PENN with a charter, tried to deal justly with the Natives, believed in freedom of religion, peaceful Quakers
Spanish missions
established to convert Native Americans and to teach them farming and craft skills
Roger Williams
founded Rhode Island after dispute with Puritans. Believed the Natives should be paid for their land. People could worship as they choose.
The Backcountry
frontier land, unsettled (Western Penn.)
Tidewater Region
home of plantations (large farms) which grew cotton, sugar and rice Needed a lot of slave labor.
Borderlands
lands along a frontier. Function was to protect Mexico
Plantations
large farms
Presidios
military posts
Bacon's Rebellion
organized group that began attacking Native Americans and then resulted in Bacon burning down Jamestown
Anne Hutchinson
questioned Puritan teachings and expelled
Religious tolerance
recognizing that others have the right to different beliefs and opinions
North Carolina and Georgia
small farms were more prevalent here
Pilgrim
someone who takes a religious journey
Mercantilism
the colonies existed to make the home country wealthy
Climate of the Southern Colonies
warm, humid climate. Long growing season. Required many laborers (slavery)
Climate of the Middle Colonies
warmer climate/longer growing season. "Breadbasket Colonies" (wheat, fruit, vegetables)
Juan de Onate
went to New Mexico to find gold, to convert Native Americans to Christianity, and to set up a permanent colony. He established the colony of Santa Fe.