Practical Research 2 MIDTERMS
variable
It may be a concept or a construct.
univariate study
only one variable is being studied
coverage date
"oh de yung coverage date of the conduct of study"
dependent
a variable in an experimental study that is also called a response variable
ordinal
a variable that can be arranged logically
nominal
a variable that cannot be organized in a logical order
predictor
a variable that causes changes to the other variables in a non-experimental study
independent
a variable that is always manipulated
discrete
a variable that is based on a count of whole values
criterion
a variable that is influenced by the predictor variable
extraneous
a variable that is not being studied but influences the accuracy of the results of an experiment
dichotomous
a variable that represents two categories
polychotomous
a variable with many categories
interval
another term for continuous variable
variable
any factor/property that a researcher measures, controls, and/or manipulates.
construct
A variable in which you wont find the definition in the dictionary. It is something that you give definition of yourself.
numeric, categorical, experimental, non-experimental, variables according to the number being studied
Classifications of Variables
delimitation
It pertains to the boundaries of the study with respect to the major variable/s and is further clarified by the sub-variables.
major variables, general and specific objectives, appropriate methodology
essential elements of research
participants
subjects or respondents
Research Title
summarizes the main idea of the paper
bivariate
two variables are being studied
univariate, bivariate, polyvariate
variables according to the number being sutdied
experimental
variables for a test or trial for the purpose of discovering something
continuous
These values depend on the scale used.
non-researchable and researchable questions
2 general types of questions formulated in research
predictor, criterion
2 types of non-experimental variables
continuous, discrete
2 types of numeric variables
independent, dependent, extraneous
3 types of experimental variables
ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, polychotomous
4 types of categorical variables
main tasks, major variables, participants, specific setting, coverage date, intended outputs
6 important elements in the statement of the general problem
Students' Behavior
Determine the Criterion Variable in the research title: Competencies of Teachers and Students' Behavior in Selected Private Schools
Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate
Determine the Criterion Variable in the research title: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate Among Grade 8 Classes
Language Achievement
Determine the Dependent Variable in the research title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils
Amount of Harvest
Determine the Dependent Variable in the research title: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest
Ventilation Facilities; Physical Ambiance
Determine the Extraneous Variable in the research title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils
Humidity Level; Types of Seeds/Plants
Determine the Extraneous Variable in the research title: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest
Method of Teaching
Determine the Independent Variable in the research title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils
Use of Gardening Tools, Types of Fertilizer
Determine the Independent Variable in the research title: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest
Competencies of Teachers
Determine the Predictor Variable in the research title: Competencies of Teachers and Students' Behavior in Selected Private Schools
Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs
Determine the Predictor Variable in the research title: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate Among Grade 8 Classes
indicators
Each delimitation must also be further defined by its __________.
10-15
How many words should the research title must have?
general problem
It has to be restated with specific details on the participants, setting, and the period of the study.
Statement of the Problem
It helps the researcher clarify various essential elements. Note: Without this, it will be difficult to conduct any research.
construct
It is a new characteristic that results from the conduct of a research. It usually combines two concepts.
data item
It is another term for variable—meaning a logical set of attributes, characteristics, numbers, or quantities that can be measured or counted.
locale/setting
It is beneficial to mention the ______/_______ of the research in the scope of the study and.
Scope of the Study
It is determined by the major variables of the study.
Delimitation of the Study
It is determined by the sub-variables and their characteristics, attributes, or indicators.
concept
It is generally accepted collections of characteristics that can be defined by a dictionary and commonly used by an educator.
delimitations
It is the duty of the researcher to clearly distinguish the delimitations of the study.
main task
Research title includes the ____ ____ of the researcher about the major variables under study.
main topic
Research title is the concise statement of the ____ _____.
relationship
Research title shows the ____________ of the main variables of the study.
ordinal
Some examples are academic grades such as A, B, C; clothing size such as X,L, M, S; and measures of attitudes like strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree.
nominal
Some examples are business types, eye colors, kinds of religions, various languages, and types of learners.
polychotomous
Some examples are educational attainment(elementary, high school, college, graduate, and postgraduate), and level of performance(excellent, very good, good, satisfactory, or poor).
dichotomous
Some examples are gender(male and female), answer(yes and no), and veracity(true or false).
intended outputs
Some examples are intervention program, module, and policies.
construct
Some examples are level of performance, nature of environment, rate of recovery, educational attainment, sociological factors, etc.
discrete
Some examples are the number of registered cars, number of business locations,number of children in the family, population of students, and total number of faculty members.
continuous
Some examples are time,age, temperature, height, and weight.
The Problem and Its Background
The first chapter of the research study is entitled what?
specific problems
The general problem is followed by an enumeration of the ________ ________.
general problem
The opening paragraph of the Statement of the Problem should contain the _______ _______ of the study.
participants and the setting
The research title must mention these two elements of a thesis.
question
The specific problems must be in ________ form.
population
The specific problems must define the __________ and the sample of the study.
quantity
The variable is the changing ________ or measure of any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.
non-experimental
These are observable variables not manipulated by the researcher.
non-researchable
These are questions that are answerable by "yes" or "no".
indicators
These are the concepts or ideas the researcher has gathered from reading various literature regarding the major variables and sub-variables. Note: These are expressed by a phrase or a sentence (declarative or interrogative).
dichotomous
These are variables represent only two categories.
polychotomous
These are variables that have many categories.
nominal
These are variables whose values cannot be organized in a logical sequence.
numeric
These are variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity and answer the questions "how many" or "how much". Note: These values are considered as quantitative data.
categorical
These are variables with values that describe a quality or characteristics of a data unit like "what type" or "which category".
Research Problems
These may exist in various setting such as schools,houses, restaurants, clinics,or any place in the community.
extraneous
These variables are already existing during the conduct of an experiment.
dependent
These variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables.
continuous
These variables can assume any value between a certain set of real numbers.
discrete
These variables can only assume any whole value within the limits of the given variables.
ordinal
These variables can take a value which can be logically ordered or ranked.
methods, results, investigations, and study
These words appear redundant when used in the thesis title.
extraneous
They are known as covariate variables,
main tasks
They satisfy the question,"what to do" with the major variables such as to associate, to relate, to measure, to determine, etc.
researchable
This type of questions formulates clear and significant questions prepares the researcher for subsequent decision-making over research design, data collection, and data analysis.
True
True of False: The General Problem or even the Specific Question that the researcher intends to answer when written in a statement form, can serve as the title,
True
True or False: It is beneficial to mention when the data will be gathered in the delimitation of the study.
False
True or False: The Specific Problem doesn't need to identify the variables(major and minor) being studied.
True
True or False: The Specific Problem must be empirically tested.
polyvariate
more than two variables are being studied
sample
other term for participants
response/predicted
other terms for dependent variable
mediating/intervening
other terms for extraneous variables
manipulated/explanatory
other terms for independent variable
researchable
questions involving the use of question words such as who, what, where, when, why, and how
non-researchable
questions of value only
researchable
questions of value,opinions, or policy raised to gather data
