Practical Research 2 MIDTERMS

variable

It may be a concept or a construct.

univariate study

only one variable is being studied

coverage date

"oh de yung coverage date of the conduct of study"

dependent

a variable in an experimental study that is also called a response variable

ordinal

a variable that can be arranged logically

nominal

a variable that cannot be organized in a logical order

predictor

a variable that causes changes to the other variables in a non-experimental study

independent

a variable that is always manipulated

discrete

a variable that is based on a count of whole values

criterion

a variable that is influenced by the predictor variable

extraneous

a variable that is not being studied but influences the accuracy of the results of an experiment

dichotomous

a variable that represents two categories

polychotomous

a variable with many categories

interval

another term for continuous variable

variable

any factor/property that a researcher measures, controls, and/or manipulates.

construct

A variable in which you wont find the definition in the dictionary. It is something that you give definition of yourself.

numeric, categorical, experimental, non-experimental, variables according to the number being studied

Classifications of Variables

delimitation

It pertains to the boundaries of the study with respect to the major variable/s and is further clarified by the sub-variables.

major variables, general and specific objectives, appropriate methodology

essential elements of research

participants

subjects or respondents

Research Title

summarizes the main idea of the paper

bivariate

two variables are being studied

univariate, bivariate, polyvariate

variables according to the number being sutdied

experimental

variables for a test or trial for the purpose of discovering something

continuous

These values depend on the scale used.

non-researchable and researchable questions

2 general types of questions formulated in research

predictor, criterion

2 types of non-experimental variables

continuous, discrete

2 types of numeric variables

independent, dependent, extraneous

3 types of experimental variables

ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, polychotomous

4 types of categorical variables

main tasks, major variables, participants, specific setting, coverage date, intended outputs

6 important elements in the statement of the general problem

Students' Behavior

Determine the Criterion Variable in the research title: Competencies of Teachers and Students' Behavior in Selected Private Schools

Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate

Determine the Criterion Variable in the research title: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate Among Grade 8 Classes

Language Achievement

Determine the Dependent Variable in the research title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils

Amount of Harvest

Determine the Dependent Variable in the research title: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest

Ventilation Facilities; Physical Ambiance

Determine the Extraneous Variable in the research title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils

Humidity Level; Types of Seeds/Plants

Determine the Extraneous Variable in the research title: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest

Method of Teaching

Determine the Independent Variable in the research title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils

Use of Gardening Tools, Types of Fertilizer

Determine the Independent Variable in the research title: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest

Competencies of Teachers

Determine the Predictor Variable in the research title: Competencies of Teachers and Students' Behavior in Selected Private Schools

Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs

Determine the Predictor Variable in the research title: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate Among Grade 8 Classes

indicators

Each delimitation must also be further defined by its __________.

10-15

How many words should the research title must have?

general problem

It has to be restated with specific details on the participants, setting, and the period of the study.

Statement of the Problem

It helps the researcher clarify various essential elements. Note: Without this, it will be difficult to conduct any research.

construct

It is a new characteristic that results from the conduct of a research. It usually combines two concepts.

data item

It is another term for variable—meaning a logical set of attributes, characteristics, numbers, or quantities that can be measured or counted.

locale/setting

It is beneficial to mention the ______/_______ of the research in the scope of the study and.

Scope of the Study

It is determined by the major variables of the study.

Delimitation of the Study

It is determined by the sub-variables and their characteristics, attributes, or indicators.

concept

It is generally accepted collections of characteristics that can be defined by a dictionary and commonly used by an educator.

delimitations

It is the duty of the researcher to clearly distinguish the delimitations of the study.

main task

Research title includes the ____ ____ of the researcher about the major variables under study.

main topic

Research title is the concise statement of the ____ _____.

relationship

Research title shows the ____________ of the main variables of the study.

ordinal

Some examples are academic grades such as A, B, C; clothing size such as X,L, M, S; and measures of attitudes like strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree.

nominal

Some examples are business types, eye colors, kinds of religions, various languages, and types of learners.

polychotomous

Some examples are educational attainment(elementary, high school, college, graduate, and postgraduate), and level of performance(excellent, very good, good, satisfactory, or poor).

dichotomous

Some examples are gender(male and female), answer(yes and no), and veracity(true or false).

intended outputs

Some examples are intervention program, module, and policies.

construct

Some examples are level of performance, nature of environment, rate of recovery, educational attainment, sociological factors, etc.

discrete

Some examples are the number of registered cars, number of business locations,number of children in the family, population of students, and total number of faculty members.

continuous

Some examples are time,age, temperature, height, and weight.

The Problem and Its Background

The first chapter of the research study is entitled what?

specific problems

The general problem is followed by an enumeration of the ________ ________.

general problem

The opening paragraph of the Statement of the Problem should contain the _______ _______ of the study.

participants and the setting

The research title must mention these two elements of a thesis.

question

The specific problems must be in ________ form.

population

The specific problems must define the __________ and the sample of the study.

quantity

The variable is the changing ________ or measure of any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.

non-experimental

These are observable variables not manipulated by the researcher.

non-researchable

These are questions that are answerable by "yes" or "no".

indicators

These are the concepts or ideas the researcher has gathered from reading various literature regarding the major variables and sub-variables. Note: These are expressed by a phrase or a sentence (declarative or interrogative).

dichotomous

These are variables represent only two categories.

polychotomous

These are variables that have many categories.

nominal

These are variables whose values cannot be organized in a logical sequence.

numeric

These are variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity and answer the questions "how many" or "how much". Note: These values are considered as quantitative data.

categorical

These are variables with values that describe a quality or characteristics of a data unit like "what type" or "which category".

Research Problems

These may exist in various setting such as schools,houses, restaurants, clinics,or any place in the community.

extraneous

These variables are already existing during the conduct of an experiment.

dependent

These variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables.

continuous

These variables can assume any value between a certain set of real numbers.

discrete

These variables can only assume any whole value within the limits of the given variables.

ordinal

These variables can take a value which can be logically ordered or ranked.

methods, results, investigations, and study

These words appear redundant when used in the thesis title.

extraneous

They are known as covariate variables,

main tasks

They satisfy the question,"what to do" with the major variables such as to associate, to relate, to measure, to determine, etc.

researchable

This type of questions formulates clear and significant questions prepares the researcher for subsequent decision-making over research design, data collection, and data analysis.

True

True of False: The General Problem or even the Specific Question that the researcher intends to answer when written in a statement form, can serve as the title,

True

True or False: It is beneficial to mention when the data will be gathered in the delimitation of the study.

False

True or False: The Specific Problem doesn't need to identify the variables(major and minor) being studied.

True

True or False: The Specific Problem must be empirically tested.

polyvariate

more than two variables are being studied

sample

other term for participants

response/predicted

other terms for dependent variable

mediating/intervening

other terms for extraneous variables

manipulated/explanatory

other terms for independent variable

researchable

questions involving the use of question words such as who, what, where, when, why, and how

non-researchable

questions of value only

researchable

questions of value,opinions, or policy raised to gather data