chapter 3 US

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Niagra movement became NAACP, black and white progressives came together to establish an organization dedicated to fighting racial discrimination and prejudice. Organization success generated other civil rights group, the nation urban league.

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

Pure Food and Drug Act

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (1906), Inspired the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. . Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. regulation under TR

WCTU (Women's Christian Temperance Union) initiative

WCTU placed enormous pressure on states to abolish alcohol and enjoyed some success in that endeavor. Most important female organization in the 19th century and one of the most powerful lobbying groups. For a time, it was also the most important female suffrage group in the late 19th century.

Election of 1912 (candidates, parties, results)

Woodrow Wilson was nominated by the Democratic party, William Howard Taft ran on the Republican ticket, TR ran as a Progressive Bull Moose, Eugene Debs ran as a Socialist. Wilson won the election

Settlement houses

an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community, for poor people mostly immigrants. Social Gospel Movement influenced the settlement house movement. Jfounding of Hull House in Chicago (1889) was important in establishing the Settlement House movement that became a center of women's activism and social reform.

16th Amendment

income tax

Specific muckrakers and what area they tried to expose/reform

journalists attempted to expose the evils of society. David G. Phillips: "The Treason of the State", Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, Jacob Riis

Federal Reserve Act

law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply

initiative

llowed citizens to introduce a bill

Theodore Roosevelt

( DEMOCRAT) became president when McKinly was assassinated, he was a progressive president and a moderate reformer. Roosevelt sought a "Square Deal" Corporate regulation Consumer protection Conservation Rooselevt regulated trust, first president to use sherman trust act to break up monopoly's rooselvet didn't wanna break up all trust he thought industrial concentration brought US wealth, productivity, and a rising standard of living hepburn act- gave feb gov the authority to set the max rail shipping rates for the railroads

William Howard Taft

( republican) was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, big trust breaker, he raised tariffs and fought to limit the power of big corporations

17th

Direct election of senators

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote

Trustbusting

Government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies, TR known as trustbuster

Muckrakers

Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business, ournalists attempted to expose the evils of society. Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906) led to federal investigation of the meatpacking industry, gov't inspections, & improved sanitation. Adams exposed the dangers of patent medicines which led to the Pure Food & Drug Act requiring listing of ingredients & banned "adulterated" drugs. fewer muckraking pieces appeared as editors became fearful of a backlash.

Ida Tarbell

Published a devastating exposé on the Standard Oil Co. in McClure's Magazine. • Rockefeller's ruthless tactics to crush competition (including her father's oil business) were carefully detailed. 2. In 1911, Standard Oil was broken up as it was seen as a "bad trust."

Robert LaFollette

Republican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party. helped destroy a political machine, took control away from lumber and railroad trusts and established a progressive gov't. He regulated public utilities by instituting public utilities commissions that created legislation for workers' safety, railroads and regulation of public utilities. He introduced the initiative, referendum, and recall.

Progressive reforms at the STATE level

Secret ballot 2. Initiative 3. Referendum 4. Recall 5. Direct Primary 6. Direct election of US Senators (instead of by state legislatures):17th Amendment

Hull House

Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty. jane addams founded it.

Jane Addams

She was one of the first generation of college-educated women. Her founding of Hull House in Chicago (1889) was important in establishing the Settlement House movement that became a center of women's activism and social reform.

Woodrow Wilson

The Democratic, Platform: antitrust legislation, monetary changes, and tariff reductions. Wilson's "New Freedom": Favored trust-busting, small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and a return to a free competitive economy without monopoly; strong on states' rights. progressive president.

Political, social, economic goals of Progressives and the extent to which they were successful

The Progressive Era saw many far-reaching reform movements whose goals included eliminating government corruption, granting suffrage for women, and passing antitrust legislation. Political corruption was a central issue, which reformers hoped to solve through civil-service reforms at the national, state, and local levels, replacing political hacks with professional technocrats. Progressives implemented antitrust laws and regulated industries such as meatpacking, drugs, and railroads. Four new constitutional amendments—the Sixteenth through Nineteenth—were prompted by Progressive activism, and resulted in a federal income tax, the direct election of senators, prohibition, and women's suffrage.

NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association)

organization formed to advocate in favor of women's suffrage in the United States. Picketing, parades, hunger strikes. The National American Woman Suffrage Association led by Carrie Chapman Catt, She argued that women deserved the vote as a matter of right because they were in all respects equal to men.

"Square Deal"

roosevelt proposed a square deal, Corporate regulation Consumer protection Conservation rooslevt offered if he was reelected very american a square deal

Referndum

voters cast ballots for or against proposed laws. The legal process that gives the voters a chance to express their approval or rejection of particular issue or proposed law.

Jacob Riis

wrote how the other half lives, Photojournalist who exposed the dirt, disease, vice, and misery of the rat-infested New York slums. Heavily influenced progressives such as Theodore Roosevelt

Upton Sinclair

wrote the jungle, Graphic depictions of unsanitary conditions in packing plants sparked a reaction to the meat industry and led to eventual regulation under Theodore Roosevelt. 2. Inspired the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.