Chapter 30 Mastering Bio

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants? A)pollen B)sporopollenin C)lignin present in cell walls D)megaphylls

A. pollen

Ovules are found within structure _____. A B C D E

B

Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively. They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to study about plants because plants have little relevance to their chosen professions. Which adaptations of land plants are likely to provide Harold with future patients? I) sporophyte dominance II) defenses against herbivory III) adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen I, II, and III I and II I and III II and III

ll and lll

Consider the seed shown in this figure. Select the correct description of this seed. - A seed includes contributions from three separate generations of plants. -The embryo within the seed is the offspring of the sporophyte plant. -The structures of a seed are all diploid (2n).

- A seed includes contributions from three separate generations of plants.

Select the correct statement describing the life cycle of angiosperms. -The life cycle of seed plants does not include a gametophyte generation. -Double fertilization in the life cycle of seed plants results in the production of a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm nucleus. -In angiosperm life cycles, the female gametophyte is the ovule.

-Double fertilization in the life cycle of seed plants results in the production of a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm nucleus.

Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1. sporophyte 2. microspores 3. microsporangia 4. pollen cone 5. pollen nuclei 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 1, 2, 3, 5, 4

1, 4, 3, 2, 5

The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen) and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls, the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most animals, including humans. Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? 1. They have exposed ovules. 2. They have flagellated sperm. 3. They are pollinated by animals. 1 only 3 only 2 only 2 and 3

2 and 3

Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated. 1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence 2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence 3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence 2 → 1 → 3 3 → 2 → 1 1 →? 2 → 3 3 → 1 → 2

3 → 1 → 2

Which of the following lines of evidence would best support your assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm? A)It lacks gametangia. B)It undergoes alternation of generations. C)It retains its fertilized egg within its archaegonium. D)It produces seeds.

A. It lacks gametangia.

Which of these is unique to flowering plants? A) double fertilization B)haploid gametophytes C)pollen production D)a dominant sporophyte generation E)an embryo surrounded by nutritive tissue

A. double fertilization

Which of these statements is true about the gametophyte tissue that surrounds the pine embryo? A) It functions as a haploid food reserve. B) It is the remnant of the pollen tube. C) It functions as a diploid food reserve. D)It develops from the fusion of a microspore and a megaspore. E)It functions as a triploid food reserve.

A. its functions as a haploid food reserve

What are the products of meiosis in the life cycle of a seed plant? A) Megaspores or microspores B) Sperm or eggs C) Male or female gametophytes

A. megaspores or microspores

In pine trees, pollen grains get to the ovule via the _____. A)micropyle B)pollen cone C)eggs D)megaspore E)integument

A. microphyle

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells? A) mitosis B)meiosis C)binary fission D)meiosis without subsequent cytokinesis

A. mitosis

Unlike most angiosperms, grasses are pollinated by wind. As a consequence, some unnecessary parts of grass flowers have almost disappeared. Which of the following parts would you expect to be most reduced in a grass flower? A)petals B)ovaries C)anthers D)carpels E)stamens

A. petals

The adaptation that made possible the colonization of dry land environments by seed plants is most likely the result of the evolution of _____. A)pollen B)heterospory C)cones D)ovules E)sporophylls

A. pollen

Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except A) pollen. B)ovaries. C)seeds. D)vascular tissue. E)ovules.

B. Ovaries

A fruit is most commonly A) an enlarged ovule. B)a mature ovary. C)a mature female gametophyte. D)a modified root. E)a thickened style.

B. a mature ovary.

A stamen consists of _____. A)stigma and filament B)anther and filament C)ovary and sepal D)stigma and anther E)stigma and style

B. anther and filament

In pines, the female gametophyte contains _____, each of which contains a(n) _____. A) antheridia ... sperm cell B)archegonia ... egg C)antheridia ... egg D)archegonia ... sperm cell E)microsporangia ... egg cell

B. archegonia...egg

Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the pollen tube of angiosperms? A)female sporophyte B) male gametophyte C) male sporophyte D)female gametophyte

B. male gametophyte

Of the four haploid cells produced by a pine cone's megasporocyte (megaspore mother cell), _____ survive(s). A) integuments B)one C)two D)four E)three

B. one

In seed plants, which of the following is part of a pollen grain and has a function most like that of the seed coat? A) stigma B)sporopollenin C) sporangium D) sporophyll

B. sporopollenin

When you look at a pine or maple tree, the plant you see is a _____. A)haploid sporophyte B)triploid endosperm C)diploid sporophyte D)haploid gametophyte E)diploid gametophyte

C. diploid sporophyte

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle? A) Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones. B)A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm. C)Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs. D)Pollen grains contain female gametophytes.

C. female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs

Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have _____. A)a vascular system B)seeds C)flowers D)a sporophyte phase E)a life cycle that involves alternation of generations

C. flowers

Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are all _____. A)capable of photosynthesis B)found on flowers C)modified leaves D)female reproductive parts

C. modified leaves

The male gametophytes of flowering plants are also referred to as _____. A) megaspores B)male sporophytes C)pollen grains D)embryo sacs E)endosperm

C. pollen grains

In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen grain to the _____ of a flower on the same plant or another plant of the same species. A) style B)anther C)stigma D)ovulate cone E)ovary

C. stigma

A carpel is composed of _____. A)petal, sepal, and stamen B)zygote, anther, and endosperm C)stigma, style, and ovary D)ovule, megasporocyte, and anther E)ovary, ovule, and anther

C. stigma, style, and ovary

Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution? A) the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle B)the trend toward larger gametophytes C)the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle D)the trend toward smaller size

C. the trend toward a sporophyte-donminated life cycle

Gymnosperm diversity Indicate whether each description applies to a specific group of gymnosperms or to all gymnosperms.

Cycads only- have palmlike leaves Gingkos only- only one living species today. Leaves have fanlike appearance. Gneotophytes only- includes 3 genera that vary greatly in appearance. Confiers only- redwoods, pines, and all species produce cones. All Gymnosperms-undergo alternation of generations. Seeds do not form in enclosed structure

Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants? A) dependent gametophytes B) pollen C) integuments D) alternation of generations E) ovules

D. alternation of generations

Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves, with the adaptive advantage of _____. A)decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange B)increased surface area, increasing gas exchange C)increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis D)decreased surface area, reducing water loss

D. decreased surface area, reducing water loss

In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a _____. A) moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia B) moss sporophyte C) fern sporophyte D)fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia

D. fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia

Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that _____. A) foster seed dispersal B)favor pollination C)decrease competition D)inhibit herbivory

D. inhibit herbivory

Gymnosperms were most abundant during the _____. A) Carboniferous B)Paleozoic C)Precambrian D)Mesozoic E)Cenozoic

D. mesozoic

The major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms comes from the _____. A)dominance or lack of dominance of the sporophyte generation B)presence or absence of alternation of generations C)production of microspores versus megaspores D) presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule E)presence or absence of vascular structures

D. presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium? A) in the style of a flower B)packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stamen C)inside the tip of a pollen tube D)within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower E)enclosed in the stigma of a flower

D. within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

Which of these is a male gametophyte? C B D E A

E

All seed plants _____. A)are nonvascular B)produce antheridia and archegonia on the same gametophyte C)produce flowers D)exhibit a dominant gametophyte generation E)are heterosporous

E. are heterosporous

In gymnosperms megaspores develop into _____ . A) ovulate cones B)male gametophytes C)pollen grains D)female sporophytes E)female gametophytes

E. female gametophytes

In pine, the embryo develops within the _____. A) staminate cone B) male gametophyte C)microsporophyll D)macrogametophyte E)female gametophyte

E. female gametophytes

In the pine, microsporangia form _____ microspores by _____. A) diploid ... meiosis B) triploid ... fertilization C)diploid ... mitosis D)haploid ... mitosis E)haploid ... meiosis

E. haploid ... meiosis

In pines, an embryo is a(n) _____. A)seed B) food reserve for the immature sporophyte C)immature female gametophyte D) immature male gametophyte E)immature sporophyte

E. immature sporophyte

In flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into a(n) _____. A)endosperm B)sporophyte C)cotyledon D)fruit E) seed coat

E. seed coat