Chapter 32 Animal Diversity and evolution of body plans

Animals that lacks a body cavity

Acoelomate

Animals lacking a true cavity are called ___, animals with a true body cavity are called ___, while animals with a body cavity only partially lined with mesodermal tissue are called ___

Acoelomate Coelomate Pseudocoelomates

This group of animals is characterized by a transition to bilateral symmetry.

Bilateria

Select the key innovations in animal evolution.

Body cavity Segmentation Symmetry Tissues Various patterns of embryonic development

Members of what phylum are characterized by a diploblastic, radially symmetrical body plan and, while not having organs and organ systems, possess distinct tissues?

Cnidaria

both molecular and morphological analysis agree that ___ forms the branch on the evolutionary tree that is basal to animals with bilateral symmetry

Cnidarians

A body cavity derived from the mesoderm is called a

Coelom

In a bilaterally symmetrical animal, a ___ is a fluid-filled body cavity, which developed entirely within the mesoderm

Coelom

Animal with a fluid-filled body cavity lined with tissue from the mesoderm

Coelomate

The animal phylum that includes members that are often bioluminescent, live in marine environments, and use cilia for movement and colloblasts for prey capture is

Ctenophora

triplobastic animals have three germ layers. The outer layer is called the ___ the inner layer is called the ___ and the intermediate layer is called ___

Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm

The three germ layers of triplobastic animals are starting with the deepest layer

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

In contrast to Parazoa, the ___ includes all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry.

Eumetazoa

What clade includes all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry?

Eumetazoa

All animals can be classified into two basic groups. ___ are characterized by the presence of true tissues and some kind of body symmetry, while ___ la k both of these traits

Eumetazoa Parazoa

In contrast to the Parazoa, all eumetazoans

Have tissues and some kind of symmetry

bilateral symmetry

Humans

radial symmetry

Jellyfish

Which of the following best describes habitats where animals are found?

Land, fresh water and salt water

Which of the following are characteristics of ctenophores?

Many species are bioluminiscent They possess colloblasts for prey capture They move by coordinated beating of cilia

Which of the following is true of coelom development in protostomes?

Mesodermal cells move apart to form the coelomic cavity.

Traditional systematic analysis have placed annelids and arthropods together as a monophyletic group. However, molecular data suggests that arthropods should be grouped with ___ which molt their cuticle at least once during their lives. The name of this group is ___

Protostomes Ecdysozoans

animal with body cavity not completely lined with tissue from the mesoderm

Pseudocoelomate

In the figure, the sea anemone represents ___ symmetry and the turtle represents __ symmetry

Radial Bilateral

Which of the following correctly describes sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction is the most common form of reproduction in animals.

Choose the statement that most accurately describes the presence of tissue in animals

Specialized tissues are found in all animals except sponges

No symmetry

Sponges

Which of the following statement best describes sponges?

Sponges have several types of cells that perform different functions.

Which of the following are characteristics of cnidarians?

They are made of distinct tissues. They are diploblastic. They have radial symmetry.

Which of the following statements about sponges is true?

They are multicellular but do not have true tissues.

Which of the following best explains why animals are considered monophyleyic?

They have a common ancestor

Which of the following best describes how animals obtain the organic molecules necessary to sustain life?

They obtain organic molecules by feeding on other organisms or their products.

All animals, except sponges, have cells organized into groups with similar form and functions called

Tissues

with the exception of sponges, all animals have their cells organized into structural and functional units called

Tissues

How many clades does the bilaterial comprise?

Two

Which of the following is true of deuterostomes?

blastopore develops into anus

The five key innovations in animal evolution include tissues, a body ____, various patterns of embryonic development, segmentation, and ___

cavity, symmetry

Animals that undergo embryonic development where the blastopore develops into the animals anus are called

deuterostomes

The animal shown in this photograph exhibits a type of movement that is unique to animals. This type of movement is called .

flying/flight

All animals descend from a common ancestor and are therefore

monophyletic

Protostomes are animals in which the embryonic blastopore becomes the

mouth

Although some animals are sessile, a characteristic which is unique to most animals is their ability to ___ rapidly.

move

Animals that undergo embryonic development where the embryonic blastopore develops to become the animal's mouth are

protostomes

___ have cells that move apart within the mesoderm to create an expanding coelom, whereas ___ pouch off cells of the archenteron which form into the coelom

protostomes and deuterostomes

Although animals are found in a diversity of habitats most phyla occur in which of the following habitats

sea

Virtually all animals use eggs and sperm to reproduce

sexually

Which of the following cannot build their own organic molecules from inorganic chemicals?

sponges

In all animals except ___, cells differentiate into specialized ___ which are groups of cells that take on particular functions in the animals body

sponges; tissues