Chapter 32 Animal Diversity and evolution of body plans
Animals that lacks a body cavity
Acoelomate
Animals lacking a true cavity are called ___, animals with a true body cavity are called ___, while animals with a body cavity only partially lined with mesodermal tissue are called ___
Acoelomate Coelomate Pseudocoelomates
This group of animals is characterized by a transition to bilateral symmetry.
Bilateria
Select the key innovations in animal evolution.
Body cavity Segmentation Symmetry Tissues Various patterns of embryonic development
Members of what phylum are characterized by a diploblastic, radially symmetrical body plan and, while not having organs and organ systems, possess distinct tissues?
Cnidaria
both molecular and morphological analysis agree that ___ forms the branch on the evolutionary tree that is basal to animals with bilateral symmetry
Cnidarians
A body cavity derived from the mesoderm is called a
Coelom
In a bilaterally symmetrical animal, a ___ is a fluid-filled body cavity, which developed entirely within the mesoderm
Coelom
Animal with a fluid-filled body cavity lined with tissue from the mesoderm
Coelomate
The animal phylum that includes members that are often bioluminescent, live in marine environments, and use cilia for movement and colloblasts for prey capture is
Ctenophora
triplobastic animals have three germ layers. The outer layer is called the ___ the inner layer is called the ___ and the intermediate layer is called ___
Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm
The three germ layers of triplobastic animals are starting with the deepest layer
Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
In contrast to Parazoa, the ___ includes all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry.
Eumetazoa
What clade includes all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry?
Eumetazoa
All animals can be classified into two basic groups. ___ are characterized by the presence of true tissues and some kind of body symmetry, while ___ la k both of these traits
Eumetazoa Parazoa
In contrast to the Parazoa, all eumetazoans
Have tissues and some kind of symmetry
bilateral symmetry
Humans
radial symmetry
Jellyfish
Which of the following best describes habitats where animals are found?
Land, fresh water and salt water
Which of the following are characteristics of ctenophores?
Many species are bioluminiscent They possess colloblasts for prey capture They move by coordinated beating of cilia
Which of the following is true of coelom development in protostomes?
Mesodermal cells move apart to form the coelomic cavity.
Traditional systematic analysis have placed annelids and arthropods together as a monophyletic group. However, molecular data suggests that arthropods should be grouped with ___ which molt their cuticle at least once during their lives. The name of this group is ___
Protostomes Ecdysozoans
animal with body cavity not completely lined with tissue from the mesoderm
Pseudocoelomate
In the figure, the sea anemone represents ___ symmetry and the turtle represents __ symmetry
Radial Bilateral
Which of the following correctly describes sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is the most common form of reproduction in animals.
Choose the statement that most accurately describes the presence of tissue in animals
Specialized tissues are found in all animals except sponges
No symmetry
Sponges
Which of the following statement best describes sponges?
Sponges have several types of cells that perform different functions.
Which of the following are characteristics of cnidarians?
They are made of distinct tissues. They are diploblastic. They have radial symmetry.
Which of the following statements about sponges is true?
They are multicellular but do not have true tissues.
Which of the following best explains why animals are considered monophyleyic?
They have a common ancestor
Which of the following best describes how animals obtain the organic molecules necessary to sustain life?
They obtain organic molecules by feeding on other organisms or their products.
All animals, except sponges, have cells organized into groups with similar form and functions called
Tissues
with the exception of sponges, all animals have their cells organized into structural and functional units called
Tissues
How many clades does the bilaterial comprise?
Two
Which of the following is true of deuterostomes?
blastopore develops into anus
The five key innovations in animal evolution include tissues, a body ____, various patterns of embryonic development, segmentation, and ___
cavity, symmetry
Animals that undergo embryonic development where the blastopore develops into the animals anus are called
deuterostomes
The animal shown in this photograph exhibits a type of movement that is unique to animals. This type of movement is called .
flying/flight
All animals descend from a common ancestor and are therefore
monophyletic
Protostomes are animals in which the embryonic blastopore becomes the
mouth
Although some animals are sessile, a characteristic which is unique to most animals is their ability to ___ rapidly.
move
Animals that undergo embryonic development where the embryonic blastopore develops to become the animal's mouth are
protostomes
___ have cells that move apart within the mesoderm to create an expanding coelom, whereas ___ pouch off cells of the archenteron which form into the coelom
protostomes and deuterostomes
Although animals are found in a diversity of habitats most phyla occur in which of the following habitats
sea
Virtually all animals use eggs and sperm to reproduce
sexually
Which of the following cannot build their own organic molecules from inorganic chemicals?
sponges
In all animals except ___, cells differentiate into specialized ___ which are groups of cells that take on particular functions in the animals body
sponges; tissues