Chapter 33

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the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. If a 1-gram sample of old carbon is 1/8 as radioactive as 1-gram of a current sample, then the age of the old sample is about

17,200 years

When radium (A = 88) emits an alpha particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

86

which of the following isotopes is radioactive?

Carbon-14

Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its

Instability

The discovery of radioactivity closely followed the discovery of what?

X-rays

An element that undergoes radioactive decay becomes

an entirely different element

an atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is

an ion

if an alpha particle and a beta particle have the same energy, which particle will penetrate farther into an object?

beta particle

When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

both of these

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number

changes, but its mass number remains the same

Which of these ejects the greatest amount of dangerous radiation into the atmosphere?

coal-fired power plants

The sources of X-rays and gamma rays, respectively, are

electron clouds and the atomic nucleus

When a gamma ray is emitted by a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

energy

Which type of radiation - alpha, beta, or gamma - predominates within an enclosed elevator defending into a uranium mine?

gamma

Which of these is electromagnetic radiation?

gamma radiation

Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?

gamma rays

X-rays are most similar to which of the following - alpha, beta, or gamma rays?

gamma rays

X-rays are similar to

gamma rays

X-rays may be regarded as

high frequency radio waves

All the uranium in todays deposits in the future will become

lead

the fate of then worlds uranium supply is to eventually become

lead

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of

neutrons

Is there a greater proportion of carbon 14 in old or new bones?

new bones

Carbon-14 in the atmosphere is transformed from

nitrogen

when thorium (A=90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number? 89 90 92 88

none of these

Which of these makes up the least radiation in the everyday environment?

nuclear power plants

the atomic mass number of an element is the same as the number of its

nucleons

If a certain isotope has a radioactive half-life of 10 years, hoe much of the isotope will remain at the end of 20 years?

one quarter

the half-life on an isotope is one day. At the end of three days, how much of the isotope remains?

one-eighth

the strong force is one of the four fundamental forces in nature, and exist

only between particles in the nucleus

Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain

organic material

the atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its

protons

Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

push it apart

When a beta particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has slightly

smaller mass and significantly greater charge

its impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle

true

the mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly

two thousand times the mass of an electron


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