chapter 34

Which of the following are key features that characterize amphibians?

Pulmonary veins Legs Lungs Cutaneous respiration Partially divided heart

Which of the following are challenges faced by vertebrates moving from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment?

Supplying large amounts of oxygen to their muscles for movement on land Carrying out reproduction in water to prevent eggs from drying out Preventing their body from drying out

Which of the following is true of both of the nonvertebrate chordates Urochordata and Cephalochordata?

They have a notochord.

--- have chordate larval forms, which metamorphose into sessile, filter-feeding adults that bear little resemblance to other chordates.

Tunicates

Birds, mammals, lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodiles form a group known as the ---, united by the fact that they all possess the same pattern of four embryonic membranes.

amniotes

It was during the --- period, 545 million years ago, that the first vertebrates evolved in the oceans.

cambrian

Lancelets, which are members of the subphylum --- , are small, marine chordates.

cephalochordata

There are more species of --- than all other vertebrates combined.

finishes

Cephalochordates, or --- , are small marine chordates.

lancelets

The two major groups of bony fish are the --- finned fishes and the --- finned fishes

ray, lobe

The --- of Chondrichthyans is made of cartilage, as opposed to bone.

skeleton

Bony fish have a bony --- and a skin covered in plates or ---

skeleton, scales

Despite how different their sessile, filter-feeding adult forms seem, larval --- clearly display chordate features.

tunicats

Nonvertebrate chordates do not form --- or other bones.

vertebrae

In echinoderms, a hydraulic system called the --- -vascular system aids in movement and feeding.

water

Which of the following are major groups of bony fish?

Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii

Which of the following were the first terrestrial vertebrates?

Amphibians

were the first terrestrial vertebrates.

Amphibians

Unlike tunicates and lancelets, vertebrates have which of the following?

An endoskeleton Certain Internal organs

What organisms are in the class Ophiuroidea?

Brittle star

The skeleton of Chondrichthyans is made of which of the following?

Cartilage

Members of the phylum --- are characterized by a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a postanal tail.

Chordata

Organisms with spiny skin that exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults, and have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates, make up what phylum?

Echinodermata Echinoderms

Organisms with spiny skin that exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults, and have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates, make up what phylum?

Echinoderms

Which of the following groups has the most species of vertebrates?

Fishes

Which of the following statements best describes symmetry in echinoderms?

Free-swimming larvae have bilateral symmetry, while the adult form is pentaradially symmetrical

It is thought that the first vertebrates evolved where?

In the ocean during the Cambrian period

Which of the following are key (defining) features of jawed fishes?

Internal gills Single-loop circulation Paired appendages A vertebral column Nutritional deficiencies

Which of the following is not one of the five key features of fish?

Internal organs

Choose all features typical of most bony fishes.

Internal skeleton made of bone Completely symmetrical tails Highly mobile fins

Which of the following are features of bony fishes?

Most have a scale-covered skin All have a bony skeleton

Which of the following are found in vertebrates, but not tunicates or lancelets?

Neural crest cells A distinct head Vertebrae

Which of the following are key (defining) features of jawed fishes?

Paired appendages Single-loop circulation Internal gills Nutritional deficiencies A vertebral column

During the --- period, moist-skinned amphibians successfully invade the wet habitats world wide.

tertiary