Chapter 38 & 39 APUSH

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The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:

"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on the basis of sex."

American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing

Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

As a result of U.S. support for Israel in 1973 when it was attacked by Egypt and Syria

Arab nations placed an embargo on oil to America.

Which one of the following is least related to the other three?

Bay of Pigs

President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the

Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt.

The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it worked to undermine and overthrow the leftist government of

Chile.

With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,

Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam.

The "spoiler" third-party candidate for president in 1968 was

George Wallace.

The opposing major party candidates in the bicentennial presidential campaign of 1976 were

Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter.

President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the

Great Society.

President Nixon's chief foreign

Henry Kissinger.

The 1967 Six-Day War intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict by bringing into constant, direct conflict

Israelis and Palestinians.

The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve economic growth and democratic reforms in

Latin America.

President Kennedy's alleged assassin was

Lee Harvey Oswald.

Before he became Vice President and then President of the United States, Lyndon Johnson had exercised great power as

Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate.

Black leaders in the 1960s included, ___________ an advocate of peaceable resistance; ___________, who favored black separatism; and __________, an advocate of "Black Power."

Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael

The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when

President Carter's attempted rescue mission ended in disaster.

The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the

Twenty-fourth Amendment.

The _______ Amendment ________ the voting age to _________

Twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen

The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following except

U.S. agreement to abandon the American base at Guantanamo.

President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was

U.S. dependence on foreign oil.

In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on

a "right to privacy."

One reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was

a drastic decline in worker productivity.

Lyndon Johnson's insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and funding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to

a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s.

President Nixon's policy of"Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for

a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese.

The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized

a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement.

When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered

a naval quarantine of that island.

When he took office in 1961, President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy through

a tax cut.

The shaky agreement that brought an end to American fighting in Vietnam in January 1973 represented

a thinly disguised American retreat.

The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed

a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall.

The "first wave" of feminism grew out of the __________ movement, and the "second wave" of feminism grew out of the ___________ movement.

abolitionist; civil rights

On which of the following issues did nearly all "second wave" feminists agree?

abortion rights

Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their

all of the above (loyalty to the Kennedy legacy, faith in the Great Society promises, fear of the Republican nominee, Barry Goldwater, trust in Johnson's Vietnam policy)

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because

an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it.

As a presidential candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern appealed most strongly to the

antiwar movement.

George McGovern, the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1972, alienated the traditional working-class backbone of the Democratic party

by appealing to racial minorities, feminists, and youth.

John F. Kennedy's strategy of "flexible response"

called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis.

Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should

continue the war in pursuit of an "honorable peace."

By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on

economic demands.

Some advocates of Black Power made the slogan the basis for

emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism.

Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his

expertise in foreign affairs.

The top-secret "Pentagon Papers," leaked and published in 1971,

exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War.

The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s

had deep historical roots in American culture.

Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that

he had executive privilege (confidentiality).

James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because

his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate.

The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would

honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops.

The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was

human rights.

To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon

imposed a ninety-day wage and price freeze.

Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except

increased American troop commitments.

The SAL T II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets

invaded Afghanistan.

At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he

needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation.

When he became attorney general, Robert Kennedy wanted to refocus the attention of the FBI on

organized crime and civil rights.

The most controversial action of Gerald Ford's presidency was

pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while presidency.

The list of Nixon illegal administration activities uncovered in the Watergate scandal included all of the following except

paying Supreme Court justices to write favorable opinions.

In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on

peaceful coexistence.

The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations,

pledged signatories to guarantee certain basic human rights.

While it seemed sane enough, John F. Kennedy's doctrine or flexible response contained hidden dangers because it

potentially lowered the level at which diplomacy would give way to shooting.

American military forces entered Vietnam in order to

prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists.

Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to

prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity.

The most explosive domestic controversy of the 1970s centered around issues of

race.

The Supreme Court in the Bakke case held that

racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admissions.

The 1962 Trade Expansion Act

reduced American tariffs.

The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, which held that integration did not have to take place across school district lines, was to

reinforce the division between poorer, minority inner city schools and nearly all white suburbs.

In response to Congress's attempt to stop him from continuing the bombing of Cambodia. President Nixon

repeatedly vetoed Congress's bills to halt the attacks.

Richard Nixon's Philadelphia Plan

required construction trade unions to establish timetables and goals for hiring black apprentices.

The 1973 War Powers Act

required the president to report to congress any commitment of American troops.

The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except

requiring "affirmative action" against discrimination.

In the early 1960s French President Charles de Gaulle

resisted American by developing an independent French nuclear force.

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren outraged religious conservatives in 1962-63 when it

ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public schools violated

After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to

secure the right to vote.

At the time of his death, President John Kennedy's civil rights bill

seemed to be stalled in Congress.

John Kennedy began to join hands with the civil rights movement when he

sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders.

Richard Nixon's "southern strategy" included the policy of

soft-pedaling civil rights and opposing school busing to achieve racial balance.

As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,

sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.

During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to

spy on domestic antiwar protestors.

Aerial bombardment in Vietnam

strengthened the communists' will to resist.

When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon

supported significant expansion in many areas.

The difference between Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action programs and those of Richard Nixon was

that Johnson intended to help individuals, but Nixon conferred privileges on groups.

As a result of Richard Nixon's aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973,

the Cambodian economy was ruined and its politics revolutionized.

The Latin American nation where Lyndon Johnson send 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged Communist influence was

the Dominican Republic

All of the following were created during Richard Nixon's presidency except

the Medicare program.

All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except

the Peace Corps (the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities, Project Head Start, Medicare, the Office of Economic Opportunity)

When the North Vietnamese launched their full invasion of South Vietnam in 1975

the South Vietnamese government quickly collapsed.

In 1973 the American public was shocked to learn that

the U.S. Air Force had been secretly bombing Cambodia since 1973.

As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973,

the United Slates withdrew all its troops from Vietnam.

President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of

the University of Mississippi.

The 1963 March on Washington led by Martin Luther King, Jr., provided critical support for

the civil rights bill to end segregation.

While many of the social movements born in the 1960s declined or disappeared, the one that remained strong and even gathered momentum in the 1970s was

the feminist movement.

The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of

the least privileged young Americans.

The poor economic performance of the 1970s brought an abrupt end to

the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice.

The first major trouble to afflict President Carter's foreign policy was

the ominous reheating of the Cold War with the Soviet Union

The people of the United States had provided just about everything for South Vietnam except

the will to win the war.

The "oil shocks" of the I970s brought home to Americans the stunning fact that

their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade and the global economy.

Lyndon Johnson channeled educational aid

to public and parochial schools.

Richard Nixon's policy of detente

ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union.

The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they

violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person

The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy

was the Tet offensive of 1968.

As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,

white southerners began to court black votes.

In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs

won some noteworthy battles in education and health care.

President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at

working with Congress.


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