Chapter 38 & 39 APUSH
The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:
"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on the basis of sex."
American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing
Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
As a result of U.S. support for Israel in 1973 when it was attacked by Egypt and Syria
Arab nations placed an embargo on oil to America.
Which one of the following is least related to the other three?
Bay of Pigs
President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the
Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt.
The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it worked to undermine and overthrow the leftist government of
Chile.
With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,
Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam.
The "spoiler" third-party candidate for president in 1968 was
George Wallace.
The opposing major party candidates in the bicentennial presidential campaign of 1976 were
Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter.
President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the
Great Society.
President Nixon's chief foreign
Henry Kissinger.
The 1967 Six-Day War intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict by bringing into constant, direct conflict
Israelis and Palestinians.
The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve economic growth and democratic reforms in
Latin America.
President Kennedy's alleged assassin was
Lee Harvey Oswald.
Before he became Vice President and then President of the United States, Lyndon Johnson had exercised great power as
Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate.
Black leaders in the 1960s included, ___________ an advocate of peaceable resistance; ___________, who favored black separatism; and __________, an advocate of "Black Power."
Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael
The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when
President Carter's attempted rescue mission ended in disaster.
The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the
Twenty-fourth Amendment.
The _______ Amendment ________ the voting age to _________
Twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen
The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following except
U.S. agreement to abandon the American base at Guantanamo.
President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was
U.S. dependence on foreign oil.
In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on
a "right to privacy."
One reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was
a drastic decline in worker productivity.
Lyndon Johnson's insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and funding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to
a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s.
President Nixon's policy of"Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for
a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese.
The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized
a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement.
When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered
a naval quarantine of that island.
When he took office in 1961, President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy through
a tax cut.
The shaky agreement that brought an end to American fighting in Vietnam in January 1973 represented
a thinly disguised American retreat.
The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed
a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall.
The "first wave" of feminism grew out of the __________ movement, and the "second wave" of feminism grew out of the ___________ movement.
abolitionist; civil rights
On which of the following issues did nearly all "second wave" feminists agree?
abortion rights
Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their
all of the above (loyalty to the Kennedy legacy, faith in the Great Society promises, fear of the Republican nominee, Barry Goldwater, trust in Johnson's Vietnam policy)
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because
an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it.
As a presidential candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern appealed most strongly to the
antiwar movement.
George McGovern, the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1972, alienated the traditional working-class backbone of the Democratic party
by appealing to racial minorities, feminists, and youth.
John F. Kennedy's strategy of "flexible response"
called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis.
Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should
continue the war in pursuit of an "honorable peace."
By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on
economic demands.
Some advocates of Black Power made the slogan the basis for
emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism.
Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his
expertise in foreign affairs.
The top-secret "Pentagon Papers," leaked and published in 1971,
exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War.
The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s
had deep historical roots in American culture.
Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that
he had executive privilege (confidentiality).
James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because
his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate.
The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would
honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops.
The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was
human rights.
To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon
imposed a ninety-day wage and price freeze.
Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except
increased American troop commitments.
The SAL T II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets
invaded Afghanistan.
At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he
needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation.
When he became attorney general, Robert Kennedy wanted to refocus the attention of the FBI on
organized crime and civil rights.
The most controversial action of Gerald Ford's presidency was
pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while presidency.
The list of Nixon illegal administration activities uncovered in the Watergate scandal included all of the following except
paying Supreme Court justices to write favorable opinions.
In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on
peaceful coexistence.
The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations,
pledged signatories to guarantee certain basic human rights.
While it seemed sane enough, John F. Kennedy's doctrine or flexible response contained hidden dangers because it
potentially lowered the level at which diplomacy would give way to shooting.
American military forces entered Vietnam in order to
prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists.
Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to
prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity.
The most explosive domestic controversy of the 1970s centered around issues of
race.
The Supreme Court in the Bakke case held that
racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admissions.
The 1962 Trade Expansion Act
reduced American tariffs.
The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, which held that integration did not have to take place across school district lines, was to
reinforce the division between poorer, minority inner city schools and nearly all white suburbs.
In response to Congress's attempt to stop him from continuing the bombing of Cambodia. President Nixon
repeatedly vetoed Congress's bills to halt the attacks.
Richard Nixon's Philadelphia Plan
required construction trade unions to establish timetables and goals for hiring black apprentices.
The 1973 War Powers Act
required the president to report to congress any commitment of American troops.
The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except
requiring "affirmative action" against discrimination.
In the early 1960s French President Charles de Gaulle
resisted American by developing an independent French nuclear force.
The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren outraged religious conservatives in 1962-63 when it
ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public schools violated
After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to
secure the right to vote.
At the time of his death, President John Kennedy's civil rights bill
seemed to be stalled in Congress.
John Kennedy began to join hands with the civil rights movement when he
sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders.
Richard Nixon's "southern strategy" included the policy of
soft-pedaling civil rights and opposing school busing to achieve racial balance.
As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,
sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.
During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to
spy on domestic antiwar protestors.
Aerial bombardment in Vietnam
strengthened the communists' will to resist.
When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon
supported significant expansion in many areas.
The difference between Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action programs and those of Richard Nixon was
that Johnson intended to help individuals, but Nixon conferred privileges on groups.
As a result of Richard Nixon's aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973,
the Cambodian economy was ruined and its politics revolutionized.
The Latin American nation where Lyndon Johnson send 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged Communist influence was
the Dominican Republic
All of the following were created during Richard Nixon's presidency except
the Medicare program.
All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except
the Peace Corps (the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities, Project Head Start, Medicare, the Office of Economic Opportunity)
When the North Vietnamese launched their full invasion of South Vietnam in 1975
the South Vietnamese government quickly collapsed.
In 1973 the American public was shocked to learn that
the U.S. Air Force had been secretly bombing Cambodia since 1973.
As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973,
the United Slates withdrew all its troops from Vietnam.
President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of
the University of Mississippi.
The 1963 March on Washington led by Martin Luther King, Jr., provided critical support for
the civil rights bill to end segregation.
While many of the social movements born in the 1960s declined or disappeared, the one that remained strong and even gathered momentum in the 1970s was
the feminist movement.
The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of
the least privileged young Americans.
The poor economic performance of the 1970s brought an abrupt end to
the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice.
The first major trouble to afflict President Carter's foreign policy was
the ominous reheating of the Cold War with the Soviet Union
The people of the United States had provided just about everything for South Vietnam except
the will to win the war.
The "oil shocks" of the I970s brought home to Americans the stunning fact that
their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade and the global economy.
Lyndon Johnson channeled educational aid
to public and parochial schools.
Richard Nixon's policy of detente
ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union.
The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they
violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person
The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy
was the Tet offensive of 1968.
As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,
white southerners began to court black votes.
In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs
won some noteworthy battles in education and health care.
President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at
working with Congress.
