chapter 4

Which of following statements about insomnia are true?

-Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. -About one-third of U.S. adult have some symptoms of insomnia.

After completing the sleep disrupter checklist, what should you do?

-Keep a sleep log. -Identify possible sleep disrupters. -Remove or reduce sleep disrupters.

What are true statements about sleep and pain?

-Poor sleep can create a lower pain threshold. -Poor sleep can increase the risk of developing pain.

What are true statements about the connection between depression and insomnia?

-Treatment for insomnia can alleviate symptoms of depression. -The risk for depression increases for people who have insomnia.

What can worsen sleepiness while driving?

-cold medicines -muscle relaxants -antihistamines

Which sleep-related phenomena can contribute to diabetes?

-difficulty falling or staying asleep -sleep apnea

What issues may increase the risk of developing dementia or cause an earlier onset of dementia?

-sleep disruptions during the night -poor quality sleep

___is a momentary lapse in which some parts of the brain lose consciousness.

Microsleep, Micro sleep, or Micro-sleep

What causes social jet-lag?

a circadian rhythm that is out of sync

Who of the following would be the most likely to fall asleep?

a person sitting in a warm room

Who is the most likely to have chronic insomnia?

a person with a high arousal tendency

Who of the following would be likeliest to develop hypertension?

a person with severe sleep apnea

Who of the following would have the highest risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

men who have short sleep durations

What is the neurological disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and sudden loss of muscle control?

narcolepsy

What is not an environmental disrupter?

nasal congestion

Which are sleep disrupters?

nasal congestion pain caffeine

What can be side effects of a circadian rhythm that is out of sync? (Select all that apply.)

nausea mood changes sleepiness

Which group of women is particularly affected RLS?

pregnant women

What are common physical disrupters?

reflux pain urination

The sleep disrupter characterized by a feeling of discomfort or body tension that often affects the legs is called_____ leg syndrome

restless

For men, which of the following carries the highest mortality risk?

short sleep duration

Almost every night, Rick's roommate appears to stop breathing while he sleeps. Rick mentioned this to his roommate, who then went to the student health center for a consultation. It was determined that the symptoms of Rick's roommate were caused by_____

sleep apnea.

To control sleep apnea, the following are recommended options except

sleeping on your back.

Who is likeliest to have the lowest pain threshold?

someone who gets about five hours of disrupted sleep each night

What is the primary cause of the physiological tendency to sleep?

the homeostatic sleep drive

True or false: Circadian rhythms affect athletic performance.

true

What are consequences of poor sleep for a night or a few nights?

volatility disinhibition irritability

When is chronic insomnia diagnosed?

when a person experiences three nights per week of disrupted sleep for three months

Who of the following would be the most likely to have narcolepsy?

Ricardo, who suddenly loses muscle control and becomes briefly paralyzed when startled

What is a true statement about athletic performance and sleep?

Athletic performance can be improved by getting an adequate amount of sleep.

Steve has chronic insomnia. In order to overcome it, he needs to

Discover the cause of his poor sleep.

What is not a question on the sleep disrupter checklist?

Do I dream almost every night?

True or false: If you tend to awaken at night, you should watch television in your bedroom.

False

What statement about sleep is true?

Resting and relaxing can be restorative. Worrying about sleeplessness can make it more difficult to fall asleep.

What is not a major risk factor for falling asleep at the wheel?

being a woman

What is recommended for making a room a good sleep environment?

darkness

leptin

decreases appetite

Sleep____ are factors that interfere with the ability to fall asleep or stay asleep.

disrupters

Which beverages tend to disrupt sleep

energy drinks alcoholic drinks coffee

What neuroendocrine substances regulate appetite and can be affected by lack of adequate sleep?

ghrelin leptin

Which system helps remove proteins, such as amyloids, during sleep and is protective against dementia?

glymphatic system

For men, which of the following carries the highest mortality risk?

having hypertension and sleeping less than six hours a night

ghrelin

increases appetite

What is the inability to fall or stay asleep called?

insomnia

What occurs during microsleep? d

loss of perception of outside world

What are treatments for the physical disrupters of anxiety and stress?

meditation and other relaxation strategies a "wind-down" time before bedtime