chapter 4
Which of following statements about insomnia are true?
-Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. -About one-third of U.S. adult have some symptoms of insomnia.
After completing the sleep disrupter checklist, what should you do?
-Keep a sleep log. -Identify possible sleep disrupters. -Remove or reduce sleep disrupters.
What are true statements about sleep and pain?
-Poor sleep can create a lower pain threshold. -Poor sleep can increase the risk of developing pain.
What are true statements about the connection between depression and insomnia?
-Treatment for insomnia can alleviate symptoms of depression. -The risk for depression increases for people who have insomnia.
What can worsen sleepiness while driving?
-cold medicines -muscle relaxants -antihistamines
Which sleep-related phenomena can contribute to diabetes?
-difficulty falling or staying asleep -sleep apnea
What issues may increase the risk of developing dementia or cause an earlier onset of dementia?
-sleep disruptions during the night -poor quality sleep
___is a momentary lapse in which some parts of the brain lose consciousness.
Microsleep, Micro sleep, or Micro-sleep
What causes social jet-lag?
a circadian rhythm that is out of sync
Who of the following would be the most likely to fall asleep?
a person sitting in a warm room
Who is the most likely to have chronic insomnia?
a person with a high arousal tendency
Who of the following would be likeliest to develop hypertension?
a person with severe sleep apnea
Who of the following would have the highest risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
men who have short sleep durations
What is the neurological disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and sudden loss of muscle control?
narcolepsy
What is not an environmental disrupter?
nasal congestion
Which are sleep disrupters?
nasal congestion pain caffeine
What can be side effects of a circadian rhythm that is out of sync? (Select all that apply.)
nausea mood changes sleepiness
Which group of women is particularly affected RLS?
pregnant women
What are common physical disrupters?
reflux pain urination
The sleep disrupter characterized by a feeling of discomfort or body tension that often affects the legs is called_____ leg syndrome
restless
For men, which of the following carries the highest mortality risk?
short sleep duration
Almost every night, Rick's roommate appears to stop breathing while he sleeps. Rick mentioned this to his roommate, who then went to the student health center for a consultation. It was determined that the symptoms of Rick's roommate were caused by_____
sleep apnea.
To control sleep apnea, the following are recommended options except
sleeping on your back.
Who is likeliest to have the lowest pain threshold?
someone who gets about five hours of disrupted sleep each night
What is the primary cause of the physiological tendency to sleep?
the homeostatic sleep drive
True or false: Circadian rhythms affect athletic performance.
true
What are consequences of poor sleep for a night or a few nights?
volatility disinhibition irritability
When is chronic insomnia diagnosed?
when a person experiences three nights per week of disrupted sleep for three months
Who of the following would be the most likely to have narcolepsy?
Ricardo, who suddenly loses muscle control and becomes briefly paralyzed when startled
What is a true statement about athletic performance and sleep?
Athletic performance can be improved by getting an adequate amount of sleep.
Steve has chronic insomnia. In order to overcome it, he needs to
Discover the cause of his poor sleep.
What is not a question on the sleep disrupter checklist?
Do I dream almost every night?
True or false: If you tend to awaken at night, you should watch television in your bedroom.
False
What statement about sleep is true?
Resting and relaxing can be restorative. Worrying about sleeplessness can make it more difficult to fall asleep.
What is not a major risk factor for falling asleep at the wheel?
being a woman
What is recommended for making a room a good sleep environment?
darkness
leptin
decreases appetite
Sleep____ are factors that interfere with the ability to fall asleep or stay asleep.
disrupters
Which beverages tend to disrupt sleep
energy drinks alcoholic drinks coffee
What neuroendocrine substances regulate appetite and can be affected by lack of adequate sleep?
ghrelin leptin
Which system helps remove proteins, such as amyloids, during sleep and is protective against dementia?
glymphatic system
For men, which of the following carries the highest mortality risk?
having hypertension and sleeping less than six hours a night
ghrelin
increases appetite
What is the inability to fall or stay asleep called?
insomnia
What occurs during microsleep? d
loss of perception of outside world
What are treatments for the physical disrupters of anxiety and stress?
meditation and other relaxation strategies a "wind-down" time before bedtime