Chapter 4 and 5

Pancreatic amylase

An enzyme secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine that digests any remaining starch into maltose.

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

Legumes (e.g. black beans)

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Soluble fiber

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Ulcerative colitis

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus.

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

apple

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he

avoid overeating during meals.

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his body

cannot begin starch digestion.

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a(n)

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

Fructose is primarily absorbed from the small intestine via

facilitated diffusion.

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

glucagon

Amanda is a three-year old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she

has difficulty digesting food.

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

The ________ cells of the gastric glands are important to protect the lining of the stomach from damage.

mucous

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT

reduced absorption of some minerals.

To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should

replace regular soft drinks with plain water.

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

Peristalsis

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored.

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she

has trouble tasting food.

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells.

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Goblet cells produce

mucus

The sweetener found in Sweet'N Low is

saccharin

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

Fai was recently diagnosed with lactose-intolerance. She knows that consuming enough vitamin D and calcium is important for those with lactose intolerance. With that in mind, which of the following do you recommend?

Consume lactose-free milk.

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following substances is a nutrient of public health concern?

Dietary fiber

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

Goblet cells

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.

hepatic portal vein

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

Fructose