Chapter 4: attention

interference in response due to inconsistency between the response and the stimulus is known as the stroop effect. T/F

False

what would gestalt psychologists characterize the motion aftereffect optical illusion as

Phi Phenomenon

you have to press either the left or right key to respond to stimuli on a computer screen. The results indicated that you were faster at pressing the left key when the stimulus cue for that key was presented on the left side of the screen. What is this an example of?

The Simon effect

Which of the following theories could be discounted when taking the results of Simon's invisible gorilla study into account?

The cocktail party effect

which of the following scenarios best illustrate the notion that our attention is like a spotlight?

Tony's focus on his video game

who developed the feature integration model of attention

Treisman

The motion aftereffect is often explained in terms of "fatigue"of the class of neurons encoding one motion direction T/F?

True

The stroop task is a measure of the interference of automatic processes such as reading. T/F?

True

which of the following is NOT an analogy the textbook uses to describe attention?

a key fitting into a lock

talking to your friend during class while you are supposed to be listening to your professors lecture is most similar to ?

a shadowing task

which of the following would be classified as a dual task method?

a subject has to work on a soduku puzzle while listening to a recording and responds whenever an animal name comes up in the recording

An example of a conjunction target would be**

a yellow circle among green squares

when making a decision, we are likely to weigh all of the possible choices we could make.

affordances

there is an area near the occipital lobe that has been shown to become active when motion stimuli are perceived and when the direction of an objects movement is accurately perceived. this is known as

area MT

what was LaBerge's finding on shifting attention?

attention works like a spotlight

processing that is not controlled and does not tax cognitive resources is _______ whereas processing due to an intention that consumes cognitive resource is ______?

automatic; controlled

Our attention has been said to involve a __ that filter out everything except the information we are attending to

bottlenecking

you are at a playground with your little brother, and you hear a child yell "MOM". you notice a dozen women pause in their convos, turning to see if their child was calling for them. this is?

cocktail party effect

which of the three approaches to perception would describe perception of an object in terms of the geometric......?

computational

In Stroop's study on automatic processing in attention, he found that participants took less time to name colors when the word and the color were ______ and more time when they were______.

congruent; incongruent

letter targets and numbers distractions in schnieder and shiffrins task is an example of a

consistent mapping condition

you are participating in an experiment in which you are told to locate the letter T among a field of digits. This is an example of?

consistent mapping condition

what school of psychology does the perception/action approach belong to?

ecological

an example of an affordance would be thinking that you can fly to class? T/F

false

attention is an unlimited source capable of focusing on limitless bits of information T/F?

false

subjects generally do not improve on the stroop task because of the amount of stress put on their ability to inhibit automatic processing. T/F

false

You see a photo of someone jump-roping, with the rope behind them. Although it is possible that there are two different ropes since you cannot see the whole thing, you assume that the person is holing one continuous rope. this illustrates __

good continuation

Treisman's modified filter model of attention suggests that some information passes through, but only after it has been ranked in terms of ___

importance

Not noticing a change in the environment from moment to moment is called

inattentional blindness

participants in simons & chabris' study did not notice when a gorilla walked across the scene. This illustrates

inattentional blindness

which of the following fits the description of attenuation theory of attention?

information passes a filter with some given more importance then others, but even less important info can potentially be recalled

which of the following is NOT true about controlled processing?

it never becomes automatic

which of the following is not true about controlled processing?

it never becomes automatic

A neuropsychological discovery that provided support for the link between perception and action was ___

mirror neurons

which of the following has provided the strongest evidence for theorizing the connection between perception and action.

mirror neurons

the perception of ______ likely involves a combination of processes

motion

which of the three approaches would describe perception of a doorway and walking through it?

perception/action

zaretkaya et al. found activity in the _____ during a task involving a global percept.

right parietal cortex

In the __ a subject attends to one of two competing messages in each ear. People usually can't recall the information in the unattended ear with the exception of __

shadowing task; cocktail party effect

In treisman and Gelade's experiments on visual search for a target, the targets in the __________ condition seemed to pop out of the displays.

single feature

you are in times square on new years eve and are watching all of the giant screens. You detect apparent motion pixels flashing on and off or changes in color. this is known as

the Phi Phenomenon

Being able to name the colors of various symbols illustrates __

the Stroop effect

The two mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the Simon effect are __ and __

the attentional-movement hypothesis; the referential-coding hypothesis

Pomerantz and Portillo found that larger arrays of stimuli containing basic feature elements and more complex stimuli are easier to perceive than smaller basic stimuli. This is called ______

the configural superiority effect

Localization of function in the brain is consistent with __

the feature integration theory

you are walking through the park and notice 2 people. You see that they are sitting together on a blanket of some kind. They also have a basket in front of them and there is food inside. Combing all of these observation to summarize that this couple is having a picnic best illustrates_______.

the filter model of attention

according to treisman's dictionary unit, the lower the threshold of information ________

the more likely the info is attended to

Which of these is NOT known to influence the cocktail party effect?

the person's intelligence

______ is a key component of Gestalt principles to perception

top-down processing

Evidenced by treisman's filter model of attention, cognitive processes go through revision when new results suggest that the original model is not right. T/F

true

strayer and johnston found that people have a harder time maintaining a conversation on a cell phone while driving. T/F?

true

the dual task method compares performance on two simultaneous tasks to performance on one task at a time to see which scenario produces better results. T/F

true

the spotlight theory of attention assumes that our attention is similar to a spotlight in that it focuses on one thing at a time. T/F

true

top down processing is a key component in Gestalt approaches to perception? T/F

true

top down processing is a key component in gestalt approaches to perception. T/F

true

in the online motion aftereffect demonstration, how long can the spiral aftereffect last?

up to approximately 20 seconds

letter targets and distractors in Schneider's and Shiffrin's task is an example of?

varied mapping condition

The ventral pathway is to ___ as the dorsal pathway is to ___.

what; where

after an accident in which she suffered brain damage. Mary cannot detect the movement of a stimulus. Which area of her brain is likely damaged?

where pathway

the ____ helps us detect the movement of stimuli.

where pathway

You come home, and your house is a mess. garbage is spilled,rolls of toilet paper everywhere and glass is broken on the floor but nothing is missing. your dog and cat are sitting calmly in the middle. Principle of pragnanz would say that who caused the mess?

your cat and dog