Chapter 4: attention
interference in response due to inconsistency between the response and the stimulus is known as the stroop effect. T/F
False
what would gestalt psychologists characterize the motion aftereffect optical illusion as
Phi Phenomenon
you have to press either the left or right key to respond to stimuli on a computer screen. The results indicated that you were faster at pressing the left key when the stimulus cue for that key was presented on the left side of the screen. What is this an example of?
The Simon effect
Which of the following theories could be discounted when taking the results of Simon's invisible gorilla study into account?
The cocktail party effect
which of the following scenarios best illustrate the notion that our attention is like a spotlight?
Tony's focus on his video game
who developed the feature integration model of attention
Treisman
The motion aftereffect is often explained in terms of "fatigue"of the class of neurons encoding one motion direction T/F?
True
The stroop task is a measure of the interference of automatic processes such as reading. T/F?
True
which of the following is NOT an analogy the textbook uses to describe attention?
a key fitting into a lock
talking to your friend during class while you are supposed to be listening to your professors lecture is most similar to ?
a shadowing task
which of the following would be classified as a dual task method?
a subject has to work on a soduku puzzle while listening to a recording and responds whenever an animal name comes up in the recording
An example of a conjunction target would be**
a yellow circle among green squares
when making a decision, we are likely to weigh all of the possible choices we could make.
affordances
there is an area near the occipital lobe that has been shown to become active when motion stimuli are perceived and when the direction of an objects movement is accurately perceived. this is known as
area MT
what was LaBerge's finding on shifting attention?
attention works like a spotlight
processing that is not controlled and does not tax cognitive resources is _______ whereas processing due to an intention that consumes cognitive resource is ______?
automatic; controlled
Our attention has been said to involve a __ that filter out everything except the information we are attending to
bottlenecking
you are at a playground with your little brother, and you hear a child yell "MOM". you notice a dozen women pause in their convos, turning to see if their child was calling for them. this is?
cocktail party effect
which of the three approaches to perception would describe perception of an object in terms of the geometric......?
computational
In Stroop's study on automatic processing in attention, he found that participants took less time to name colors when the word and the color were ______ and more time when they were______.
congruent; incongruent
letter targets and numbers distractions in schnieder and shiffrins task is an example of a
consistent mapping condition
you are participating in an experiment in which you are told to locate the letter T among a field of digits. This is an example of?
consistent mapping condition
what school of psychology does the perception/action approach belong to?
ecological
an example of an affordance would be thinking that you can fly to class? T/F
false
attention is an unlimited source capable of focusing on limitless bits of information T/F?
false
subjects generally do not improve on the stroop task because of the amount of stress put on their ability to inhibit automatic processing. T/F
false
You see a photo of someone jump-roping, with the rope behind them. Although it is possible that there are two different ropes since you cannot see the whole thing, you assume that the person is holing one continuous rope. this illustrates __
good continuation
Treisman's modified filter model of attention suggests that some information passes through, but only after it has been ranked in terms of ___
importance
Not noticing a change in the environment from moment to moment is called
inattentional blindness
participants in simons & chabris' study did not notice when a gorilla walked across the scene. This illustrates
inattentional blindness
which of the following fits the description of attenuation theory of attention?
information passes a filter with some given more importance then others, but even less important info can potentially be recalled
which of the following is NOT true about controlled processing?
it never becomes automatic
which of the following is not true about controlled processing?
it never becomes automatic
A neuropsychological discovery that provided support for the link between perception and action was ___
mirror neurons
which of the following has provided the strongest evidence for theorizing the connection between perception and action.
mirror neurons
the perception of ______ likely involves a combination of processes
motion
which of the three approaches would describe perception of a doorway and walking through it?
perception/action
zaretkaya et al. found activity in the _____ during a task involving a global percept.
right parietal cortex
In the __ a subject attends to one of two competing messages in each ear. People usually can't recall the information in the unattended ear with the exception of __
shadowing task; cocktail party effect
In treisman and Gelade's experiments on visual search for a target, the targets in the __________ condition seemed to pop out of the displays.
single feature
you are in times square on new years eve and are watching all of the giant screens. You detect apparent motion pixels flashing on and off or changes in color. this is known as
the Phi Phenomenon
Being able to name the colors of various symbols illustrates __
the Stroop effect
The two mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the Simon effect are __ and __
the attentional-movement hypothesis; the referential-coding hypothesis
Pomerantz and Portillo found that larger arrays of stimuli containing basic feature elements and more complex stimuli are easier to perceive than smaller basic stimuli. This is called ______
the configural superiority effect
Localization of function in the brain is consistent with __
the feature integration theory
you are walking through the park and notice 2 people. You see that they are sitting together on a blanket of some kind. They also have a basket in front of them and there is food inside. Combing all of these observation to summarize that this couple is having a picnic best illustrates_______.
the filter model of attention
according to treisman's dictionary unit, the lower the threshold of information ________
the more likely the info is attended to
Which of these is NOT known to influence the cocktail party effect?
the person's intelligence
______ is a key component of Gestalt principles to perception
top-down processing
Evidenced by treisman's filter model of attention, cognitive processes go through revision when new results suggest that the original model is not right. T/F
true
strayer and johnston found that people have a harder time maintaining a conversation on a cell phone while driving. T/F?
true
the dual task method compares performance on two simultaneous tasks to performance on one task at a time to see which scenario produces better results. T/F
true
the spotlight theory of attention assumes that our attention is similar to a spotlight in that it focuses on one thing at a time. T/F
true
top down processing is a key component in Gestalt approaches to perception? T/F
true
top down processing is a key component in gestalt approaches to perception. T/F
true
in the online motion aftereffect demonstration, how long can the spiral aftereffect last?
up to approximately 20 seconds
letter targets and distractors in Schneider's and Shiffrin's task is an example of?
varied mapping condition
The ventral pathway is to ___ as the dorsal pathway is to ___.
what; where
after an accident in which she suffered brain damage. Mary cannot detect the movement of a stimulus. Which area of her brain is likely damaged?
where pathway
the ____ helps us detect the movement of stimuli.
where pathway
You come home, and your house is a mess. garbage is spilled,rolls of toilet paper everywhere and glass is broken on the floor but nothing is missing. your dog and cat are sitting calmly in the middle. Principle of pragnanz would say that who caused the mess?
your cat and dog