Chapter 4 Bio HW Clack
What cellular structure do antibiotics typically target?
cell walls
In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.
central vacuoles
Which is a function of the plasma membrane?
regulate traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
What is the concern about using antibacterial and antimicrobial soaps?
The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria.
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
nucleolus
Which structure manufactures the components of ribosomes?
nucleolus
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?
peroxisome
Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes.
46
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
A hormone that is secreted from a cell is manufactured by ribosomes ________.
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
basal bodies
Which adaptation increases the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?
cristae of a mitochondrion
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region that surrounds organelles but is not found inside the nucleus?
cytoplasm
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton
Transport vesicles move proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to what other organelle?
golgi apparatus
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
golgi apparatus
A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ________.
in fresh water
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
mRNA
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Vacuoles are
membranous sacs
Where is ATP made?
mitochondria
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? View Available Hint(s)
mitochondrion
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
The extracellular matrix of animal cells ________.
protects and support cells
What is a gene?
segment of DNA that codes for a protein
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Which of the following contributes the LEAST to the problem of antibiotic resistance?
taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor
Which part(s) of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?
the golgi apparatus
What is the major function of chloroplasts
to allow photosynthesis to occur
hat name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
transcription
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
translation
One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells.
have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in
All of the following options (except one) are locations where ribosomes are found inside the cell. Choose the exception.
inside nucleus
plant cell wall
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
The microscope best for viewing living cells at low levels of magnification is the ________.
light microscope
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.
lipid synthesis and drug detoxification
Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ________ cells.
liver
Digestion of organic matter inside the cell takes place in what organelle?
lysosome
Tay-Sachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.
lysosomes
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
lysosomes
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosomes
Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.
mRNA
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
microtubules
Which makes up portions of the cytoskeleton?
microtubules
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
microtubules
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
mitochondria
microbial cure
Antibiotics are used to kill all of the infectious bacteria in a person.
Over time, bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection?
Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced.
What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?
Chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.
Chloroplasts, mitochondria
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
D
endomembrane system includes
Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
A particular antibiotic kills 99% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic?
Over time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria.
Which is a feature of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells?
fimbria
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
amino acids
The nuclear envelope is composed of ______.
double membrane
Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome
1 meter = ____ centimeters
100 centimeters
The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.
Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome
When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ________.
have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ________.
cell wall and an central vacuole
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
chromatin
The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.
chromatin
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
fimbriae
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
________ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.
phospholipids
The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________.
phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .
plasma membrane, cell wall
Which is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
protein modification
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
ribosomes
Where does protein synthesis take place?
ribosomes
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
ribosomes
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
rna processing
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
rough ER
Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ________.
stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP
Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ________.
surrounded by two memebranes
