Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function

Which structures are found in prokaryotic cell? -cell wall, ribosomes, thylakoids, chromosome -cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus, flagellum - nucleoid , ribosomes, chloroplasts, capsule -plasmid, ribosomes, enzymes, DNA, mitochondria -chlorophyll, enzymes, Goldi appratus, plasmids

-cell wall, ribosomes, thylakoids, chromosome

Which of the following best distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell? -Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but eukaryotic cells never do. -prokaryotic cells are much larger than eukaryotic cells -prokaryotic cells have flagella, but eukaryotic cells do not -prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do have such a nucleus -prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, but eukaryotic cells do not have ribosomes

-prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do have such a nucleus

Which of the following is not true according to the cell theory? All living things are composed of organs, tissues, and cells. All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms. Every cell comes from a pre-existing cell.

All living things are composed of organs, tissues, and cells.

The plant cell's central vacuole provides the plant cell with support. stores nutrients and cellular waste products. is a reservoir for water. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration break down ATP to release energy for cells are present in animal cells but not plant cells all of these are correct

Are involved in cellular respiration

Which best describes an electron microscope? Uses glass light and glass lenses to view and magnify object. Uses electrons and electromagnets to view and magnify object. Has high resolution power and very high magnification power. Has low resolution power but very high magnification power. Both B and C

Both B and C

Which of the following is not true of cell size? -Cells require a high surface-area-to-volume ratio to allow adequate nutrients to enter and wastes to move out. -Cell are generally small to maintain a larger surface-area-to-volume ratio -Cells grow larger to maintain a higher surface-are-to-volume ratio. -Larger cells are long and thin or have surface extensions to increase surface area. -Surface-area-to-volume ratio increases when a cell divides to form two smaller cells.

Cells grow larger to maintain a higher surface-are-to-volume ratio.

The hypothesis that the chloroplast and mitochondria formed due to a eukaryotic cell engulfing a prokaryotic cell is known as: Eukaryotic hypothesis Prokaryotic hypothesis Autophagy hypothesis cell theory Endosymbiotic hypothesis

Endosymbiotic hypothesis

Which of these organelles contain hydrolytic enzymes responsible the digestion and recycling of worn out cell parts? Mitochondria Ribosomes Lysosomes Golgi bodies

Lysosomes

Which three cell structures are found in prokaryotic cells, plant cells and animal cells? Cell wall, DNA, and nucleus Plasma membrane, nucleus, and ribosomes Plasma membrane, DNA, and mitochondria Plasma membrane, DNA, and ribosomes Cell wall, DNA, and ribosomes

Plasma membrane, DNA, and ribosomes

Which of the following is NOT true of the cytoskeleton: Gives shape to a cell and allows it to move Consists of a system of tracks used for transport of organelles Secretes calcium for bone tissue Composed of microtubules, intermediate and microfilaments Found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Secretes calcium for bone tissue

Synthesis of lipids occurs in which major organelle? Chloroplasts Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

As cells increase in size, which of the following occurs? The volume and surface area will increase at the same rate. They will develop multiple nuclei. There will be a greater increase in volume than in the surface area of the cell. They will lose their nuclear membranes.

There will be a greater increase in volume than in the surface area of the cell.

Liver cells produce large amounts of the steroid cholesterol (lipid) and play a major role in detoxification of drugs and alcohol. You would expect to find: a greater than average quantity of rough endoplasmic reticulum. a greater than average quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. much less endoplasmic reticulum than in an average cell. no stuctural differences from an average cell.

a greater than average quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

The cell theory states that cells are basic units of life all organisms are composed of cells all cells come from pre-existing cells all of these are correct

all of these are correct

Cilia and Flagella a. have a 9+0 pattern of microtubules, the same as basal bodies b. contain myosin that pulls on actin filaments c. are organized by basal bodies derived from centrioles d. are constructed similarly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes e. both a and c are correct

both a and c are correct

Which of the following organelles contains its (their) own DNA, suggesting they were once independent prokaryotes? Golgi Apparatus mitochondria chloroplasts ribosomes both b and c are correct

both b and c are correct

Which of the following are features of plant cells but not animal cells? mitochondria, chloroplast, and a contractile vacuole cell wall, chloroplasts, and a cytoskeleton cell wall, chloroplast and a large central vacuole lysosomes, cell wall, and chloroplasts Golgi, lysosomes, and chloroplasts

cell wall, chloroplast and a large central vacuole

Which organelle releases oxygen? ribosome golgi apparatus chloroplast smooth ER

chloroplast

Organelles in plant cells that produce large amounts of carbohydrate using energy from sunlight are called: mitochondria lysosomes ribosomes chloroplasts

chloroplasts

Which nuclear component contains the hereditary material? nuclear envelope ribosomes chromatin nucleoplasm nuclear pore

chromatin

Debris that is trapped in mucus is moved away from the lungs toward the throat by _____. flagella cilia pseudopods actin filaments

cilia

A spherical-shaped prokaryote cell is called a coccus spirochete bacillus none of these are correct

coccus

Which of the following would not be found in a chloroplast? grana thylakoids cristae stroma

cristae

Which organelle forms a membranous system of channels for intracellular transport of lipids and proteins? endoplasmic reticulum centrioles Golgi apparatus lysosome mitochondria

endoplasmic reticulum

The main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is: prokaryotic cells have appendages for movement and eukaryotic cells do not. prokaryotes have a cell wall and eukaryotic cells do not. eukaryotic cells have DNA and prokaryotic cells do not. eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments and prokaryotes do not.

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments and prokaryotes do not.

Sperm cells move by means of _______. flagella cilia pseudopods actin filaments

flagella

Which of these is not found in the nucleus? functioning ribosomes chromatin that condenses to chromosomes nucleolus that produces rRNA nucleoplasm that instead of cytoplasm all forms of RNA

functioning ribosomes

Which of the following terms indicates the basic unit of hereditary information? gene chromosome chromatin nucleoplasm

gene

The _____ is involved in packing and tagging molecules many which will be shipped out of a cell. ribosomes Golgi apparatus lysosome rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum

golgi apparatus

Vesicles from the rough ER most likely are on their way to the peroxisomes lysosomes golgi apparatus plant cell vacuole the location suitable to their size

golgi apparatus

lysosomes function in protein synthesis processing and packaging intracellular digestion lipid synthesis production of hydrogen peroxide

intracellular digestion

The surface-area-to-volume ratio defines what aspect of a cell? whether it is eukaryotic or prokaryotic whether it is a plant or animal its size its ability to move

its size

Which structure would not be found in any prokaryotic cell? cell wall outside of the plasma membrane glycocalyx or capsule nucleoid containing a single chromosome hairlike extensions called fimbria membranous organelle called a lysosome

membranous organelle called a lysosome

Vesicles with specific metabolic functions in a cell are called the cytoskeleton centrioles ribosomes mircobodies

microbodies

Skeletal muscle cells will have a large number of _____ due to their high demand for energy. chloroplasts lysosomes contractile vacuoles mitochondria

mitochondria

Which of these is not true? Actin filaments are located under the plasma membrane Microtubules are organized by centrosomes Intermediate filaments are associated with the nuclear envelope motor molecules move materials along intermediate filaments

motor molecules move materials along intermediate filaments

Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both carry on photosynthesis. have a large central vacuole. have endoplasmic reticulum. need ATP for energy. have lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes.

need ATP for energy

Which organelle most likely originated by invagination of the plasma membrane? mitochondria flagella nucleus chloroplasts all of these are correct

nucleus

This type of microbody will break down fatty acids and contain catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide lysosome central vacuole peroxisome chromatin

peroxisome

Which is NOT a correct association of cell organelles and function? cell wall-support and protection mitochondrion-cell respiration ribosome-production of proteins peroxisome-photosynthesis vacuole-storage of chemicals

peroxisome-photosynthesis

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that produce which of the following molecules? steroids lipids glucose starches proteins

proteins

Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is synthesized and exported or secreted from a cell? - ribosome? Golgi apparatus?vesicles?lysosome? plasma membrane - smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Golgi apparatus? vesicles? plasma membrane - nuclear envelope? vesicles? Golgi apparatus? plasma membrane - rough endoplasmic reticulum? ribosome? lysosomes? vesicles? cell membrane - ribosome? rough endoplasmic reticulum? Golgi apparatus? vesicles? plasma membrane

ribosome? rough endoplasmic reticulum? Golgi apparatus? vesicles? plasma membrane

Protein synthesis in bacterial cells is performed by _____. ribosomes centrioles flagella thylakoids

ribosomes

The ____ is (are) responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. chromatin chromosomes ribosomes nucleoplasm

ribosomes

Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are being exported from the cell? smooth ER rough ER lysosome peroxisome

rough ER

The ____ microscope provides a highly magnified 3-D image of a cells surface or exterior. transmission electron scanning electron scanning probe compound light scanning and transmission electron

transmission electron

Membranous sacs that act as delivery vehicles that move products within a cell are called: mitochondria vacuoles vesicles lysosomes peroxisomes

vesicles

Most cell products are transported within the cell membrane-bound sacs called: endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes Golgi bodies vesicles vacuoles

vesicles