chapter 4 learning exercises

-ia

abnormal condition

myopathy

abnormal condition of skeletal muscles

dystonia

abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

hyperkinesia

abnormally increased mucle funciton or activity

hyperkinesia

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

antispasmodic

admistered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

adduction

arm moves inward and toward the side of the body

supination

turnig the hand so the palm is upward

myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

adhesion

band of fibers that holds structures together abnormally

gluteus maximus

buttock muscle

heel spur

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone

CTS

carpal tunnel syndrome

myasthenia gravis

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

tax/o

coordination

transverse

crosswise

gangloin

cyst is a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

myonoecrosis

death of individual muscles fibers

DTR

deep tendon reflexes

myolysis

degeneration of muscle tissue

neruomuscular blocker

drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

dystrophy

group of gentic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

myocardial

heart muscle

-cele

hernia, swelling

singultus

hiccups

atrophy

leg muscles due to the disuse of these muscles over a long period of time

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

flexion

movement during which the knees or elbows are bent to decrease the angle of the joints

my/o

muscle

polymyositis

muscle disease characterized by the stimultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles parts of the body

myalgia

muscle pain

skeletal

muscles are under voluntary control

deltoid

muscular cap of shoulder

tendon

narrow band of nonelastic, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

myofascial

pertaining to muslce tissue and fascia

physiatrist

physician who specialzies in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

chronic fatigue syndrome

profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and was made worse by physical or mental activity

myocele

protusion of a muscle substance through a tear in the fasica surrounding it

ROM

range of motion

polymyectomy

removal of multiple muscles

RSD

repetitive stress disorder

sphincter

ring-like muscle

sphincter

ringlike

-rrhexis

rupture

myrorrhexis

rupture or tearing of a muscle

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oblique

slanted at an angle

hemiparesis

slight paralysis. caused by a stroke

myofascial release

specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyaliga syndrome, movement restrictions, and tMJ disorders

SCI

spinal cord injury

spasmodic torticollis

stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

rectus

straight

spasm

sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

mycolnus

sudden,m involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

fasciodesis

surgical attachment of a fascia to another fascia or to a tendon

carpal tunnel syndrome

surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve nerve pressure

myotomy

surgical incision into a muscle

fasciectomy

surgical removal of fascia

herniorrhaphy

surgical suturing of a defect in a muscular wall , such as the repair of a hernia

tenodesis

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

fasciorrhaphy

surgical suturing of torn fascia

ganglion cyst

swelling on the outter surface of the wrist

tend/o

tendon

sarcopenia

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

ton/o

tone

lateralis

toward the side

electromyography

diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers

hypotonia

diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

bradykinesia

extreme slowness of movement

fasci/o

fascia

deltoid

formns the muscular cap of the shoulder

spincterotomy

incision into a sphincter muscle

impingement syndrome

inflamed and swollen tendons caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

overuse tendinitis

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint

myocarditis

inflammation of the muscle of the heart

epicondylitis

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

hamstring

injury can be a strain or tear on any of the three muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee

strain

injury to the body of the muscle or the attachment of a tendon

polymyalgia

pain in several muscle groups

intermittent claudication

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

shin splint

painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away form the tibia

achilles tendinitis

painful inflammation of the achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon

pronation

palm of the hang downward or backward

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

paraplegia

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

plantar flexion

bending the foot upward at the ankle

tendon

fibrous connective tissue

fibr/o

fibrous tissue