Chapter 4 - Lesson 2 - Asexual Reproduction

Examples of budding

Organisms such as yeasts, which are fungi, reproduce through budding.

What are the structures in a plant that usually produce new plants?

Roots, leaves, and stems

Explain plant cloning

Some plants can be cloned from just a few cells using a method called a tissue culture

Examples of vegetative reproduction

Strawberries, raspberries, potatoes, and geraniums

Steps in Cloning Dolly

The first step in cloning Dolly was to remove cells from a sheep, DNA was then removed from an unfertilized egg of a second sheep. In a laboratory, the cells were fused, or combined, and the new cell had the DNA from the first sheep. The cell developed into an embryo. The embryo was then placed in a third sheep. The cloned sheep developed inside the third sheep and was later born.

What is asexual reproduction? READING PACKAGE

a type of reproduction in which one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization

What animals can reproduce asexually through regeneration?

include sponges, sea stars, and planarians

What is vegetative reproduction?

is a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from part of a parent plant

Cloning

is a type of asexual reproduction performed in laboratories. It produces identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism

What is an animal regeneration?

occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent

tissue cultures

they make it possible for plant growers and scientists to make many copies of a plant with desirable traits

Who was the first mammal cloned?

was a sheep named Dolly

Types of asexual reproduction

* Fission * Mitotic Cell Division * Budding * Animal Regeneration * Vegetative Reproduction * Cloning (Animal and Plant Cloning)

Animal Cloning

All of a clone's chromosomes come from one parent, the donor of the nucleus. This means that the clone is genetically the same as its parent.

What is true of all cases of asexual reproduction? READING PACKAGE

All offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Why producing new parts is not considered an asexual reproduction? PADILLA

Because some animals, such as newts, tadpoles, crabs, hydras, zebra fish, and salamanders, can regenerate a lost or damaged body part. Even humans are able to regenerate some damaged body parts, such as the skin and the liver It does not produce a new organism REVISAR CON DIEGO

What is fission?

Cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells

What happens to the original cell's chromosome during fission? READING PACKAGE

It is copied, with one copy going to each daughter cell.

What kind of organism produce fission?

Prokaryotes

Example of asexual reproduction

You have seen the results of asexual reproduction if you have ever seen mold on bread or fruit. Mold is a type of fungus that can reproduce either sexually or asexually. Asexual reproduction is different from sexual reproduction Not only fungi, but also bacteria, protists, plants, and animals can reproduce asexually

Why it is important the Genetic variation?

because it can increase an organism's chance of surviving if the environment changes

What happens if the arms are separated from the parent sea star?

each of these arms has the potential to grow into a new organism

Because the offspring of asexual reproduction inherit all their DNA from one parent,

they are genetically identical to each other and their parent.

What are stolons?

they are long stems. Wherever a stolon touches the ground, it can produce roots. Once a stolon grows roots, a new plant can grow, even if the stolon breaks off from the parent plant. Each new plant grown from a stolen is genetically identical to the parent plant.

What advantage might asexual reproduction by fission have compared to sexual reproduction? READING PACKAGE

Fission is faster

A planarian reproduces through regeneration. What happens to a planarian when it is cut into two pieces? READING PACKAGE

Each piece of the original planarian becomes a new organism

What happens during fission?

- Fission begins when a prokaryote's DNA is copied - Each copy attaches to the cell membrane. - Then the cell begins to grow longer. - The two copies of DNA are pulled apart. - At the same time, the cell membrane starts to pinch inward along the middle of the cell. - Finally the cell splits and forms two new identical offspring. - The original cell no longer exists. Fission makes it possible for prokaryotes to divide rapidly. DNA is copied and the cell splits to form two identical offspring. The original cell no longer exists. EL CORTO ES EL DEL OUTLINE

What happen during Mitotic Cell Division?

- In this type of asexual reproduction, an organism forms two offspring through mitosis and cell division. - The nucleus of the cell divides by mitosis. - Next, the cytoplasm and its contents divide through cytokinesis. - Two new amoebas form.

What happen during budding?

- a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent. - The bud, or offspring, is genetically identical to its parent. - When the bud is large enough, it can break from the parent and live on its own.

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

- enables organisms to reproduce without a(n) mate. - enables some organisms to rapidly produce a large number of offspring.

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

- produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to their parent. This results in little genetic variation within a population. - Another disadvantage involves genetic changes called mutations. A harmful mutation passed to asexually reproduced offspring could affect the offspring's ability to survive.

Compare and contrast the different types of asexual reproduction READING PACKAGE

All types involve only one parent and result in offspring that are genetically the same as the parent. Fission is cell division in prokaryotes. In budding, a new organism grows on the body of its parent. Mitotic cell division is cell division in unicellular eukaryotes. In regeneration (animals) and vegetative reproduction (plants), an offspring grows from a piece of its parent. Cloning produces individuals from a cell or a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism.