Chapter 4

Approximately what percentage of African slaves went directly to British North America? a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. 15 percent d. 20 percent e. 25 percent

a. 5 percent

What were the main differences between "creole" (American-born) slaves and those born in Africa? a. Creole slaves spoke only English b. African slaves were more aggressive toward their owners c. African slaves were better farmers d. None of these choices e. All of these choices

a. Creole slaves spoke only English

Which of the following was not a typical condition in eighteenth-century American cities? a. Declining population because of out-migration to regions beyond the mountains where land was available b. Poor rolls that were bulging with the survivors of mariners lost at sea c. Contagious disease running rampant because of poor sanitation d. Longer spells of unemployment and declining wages e. Inhabitants who were caught in a downward spiral of declining opportunity

a. Declining population because of out-migration to regions beyond the mountains where land was available

What was the environmental impact of the rapid expansion of English settlement east of the Appalachians? a. Deforestation b. Destruction of the rabbit and possum populations c. Overpopulation in New York and Boston d. Drying up of many swamps e. Development of new methods to prevent soil erosion

a. Deforestation

Which of the following was not one of Benjamin Franklin's accomplishments? a. He initiated a movement to encourage organized churches to resolve their theological differences b. He published Poor Richard's Almanack c. He organized the American Philosophical Society d. He earned enough money to retire by the age of forty-two e. He pulled together a reading group called the Junto

a. He initiated a movement to encourage organized churches to resolve their theological differences

What made George Whitefield's views seem so dangerous to clergymen in America? a. His challenges to church authority and teachings were potentially disruptive to the social order b. Leaders feared his preaching about equality would inspire slave revolts c. His diatribes against Great Britain were leading colonists to consider separating from the mother country d. His sermons about marriage were leading wives to question their roles and their husbands' e. His celebration of human reason over religious piety had American congregations seeking new religions

a. His challenges to church authority and teachings were potentially disruptive to the social order

Why was John Peter Zenger's acquittal significant? a. It set important legal precedents that established truth as a defense against a charge of libel and encouraged broader political discussion b. It weakened the authority of a governor to hold a defendant without formal charge c. It created the presumption that someone accused of a crime is innocent until proven otherwise d. It destroyed the last vestiges of a legal system without jury trials e. It guaranteed that the poor would have legal counsel

a. It set important legal precedents that established truth as a defense against a charge of libel and encouraged broader political discussion

Most of the white immigrants to the colonies in the eighteenth century were a. Poor b. Middle class c. Catholic d. Wealthy e. Slaveholders

a. Poor

What was the typical qualification for holding office in eighteenth-century English colonies, outside of New England? a. Property ownership of at least 1,000 acres b. There were none as any voter could hold office c. Membership in the Anglican church d. A high school diploma and the $100 registration fee e. Being born in the colonies, or having lived there at least thirty-five years

a. Property ownership of at least 1,000 acres

What was the main reason the population of the British North American colonies increased in the eighteenth century? a. Settlers had a high birthrate b. A decade of bumper rice crops led better diets and longer life spans c. Immigration from Europe provided a steady influx of people d. Colonists learned that better sanitation limited diseases and increased life spans e. Wars with the Spanish and French ended

a. Settlers had a high birthrate

The description by the German-born Georgia planter of the "task system" demonstrates that a. Slaves on rice plantations also were responsible for planting other crops b. Georgia planters used their slaves primarily for household tasks c. Slaves on Georgia plantations were made to specialize in one particular task or one particular agricultural specialty to increase their likelihood of success d. Georgia plantations tended to be money-losing operations e. Because of their strong religious faith, Georgia planters prohibited any work from being done on Sunday

a. Slaves on rice plantations also were responsible for planting other crops

What did the English do after 1660? a. They renewed efforts to expand and control colonial trade b. They turned inward to reform their own society rather than establish new societies across the seas c. They embarked on an era of free trade by repealing most parliamentary acts dealing with overseas commerce d. They abandoned Canada to the French e. They outlawed royal ownership of overseas colonies

a. They renewed efforts to expand and control colonial trade

New Light preachers like Gilbert Tennent shook the foundations of the social order by sowing seeds of doubt about a. ministers b. merchants c. royal governors d. scientists e. tax collectors

a. ministers

Which statement does not accurately describe George Whitefield? a. He claimed that ministers were in reality unsaved b. He challenged the movement of Protestantism away from its roots in the teachings of Martin Luther c. He had a running feud with the Church of England's representative in the colonies d. He traveled thousands of miles to criticize established Protestantism e. He was considered one of the greatest speakers in favor of a revival of religious piety in the 18th century

b. He challenged the movement of Protestantism away from its roots in the teachings of Martin Luther

Which of the following was not a long-term effect of the Great Awakening? a. It led to the founding of new colleges such as Columbia, Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth b. It led to the decline in the influence of Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists, and the increasing importance of Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists c. It led to the emergence of black Protestantism. d. It led to the fostering of religious toleration by blurring theological differences among New Lights e. It led to unprecedented splits in American Protestantism

b. It led to the decline in the influence of Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists, and the increasing importance of Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists

Which of the following colonies remained outside the Dominion of New England? a. New Hampshire b. Maine c. Connecticut d. Rhode Island e. Massachusetts

b. Maine

When comparing slaves with indentured servants, which statement is true? a. Slaves ate more b. Masters spent 40% less to feed and clothe slaves c. Slaves were heartier and healthier d. Slaves had a shorter work week but less vacation time e. All of these choices

b. Masters spent 40% less to feed and clothe slaves

What did the situations of Tuscarora and Yamasee Indians in North Carolina during the early eighteenth century demonstrate? a. English settlers should have been able to use Native Americans instead of black slaves for rice and tobacco cultivation b. Native American resistance would not significantly hinder white expansion in the Carolinas c. Plantation agriculture provided ideal conditions for Indians d. Native American tribes could resist white expansion by remaining unified e. The British Parliament was too quick to send troops when it thought that English settlers were in danger

b. Native American resistance would not significantly hinder white expansion in the Carolinas

Who bore the bloodiest fighting in the course of King William's War? a. The English b. The Iroquois c. The Leislerians d. The French e. The Spanish

b. The Iroquois

Which branch of government was most likely to defend the interests of colonists? a. The crown in London b. The lower house of the legislature c. The judiciary d. The upper house of the legislature e. The executive branch

b. The lower house of the legislature

What was mercantilism? a. An economic theory carefully elaborated by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations b. The theory that a nation's power was measured in its wealth; to maximize wealth, a country would need to export more than it imported c. A colonial American policy of trading primarily with England in order to strengthen political and economic ties d. A theory of business organization in which merchants formed joint stock companies to pool their capital e. The belief that the most effective way to escape from the Long Depression was to increase imports of agricultural goods

b. The theory that a nation's power was measured in its wealth; to maximize wealth, a country would need to export more than it imported

On average how many children did colonial women have? a. 3 b. 6 c. 8 d. 11 e. 14

c. 8

What power did colonial governors not possess? a. The right to veto acts b. The power to call or dismiss assembly sessions at will c. Control over taxes and the budget d. The authority to schedule elections at any time e. None of these choices

c. Control over taxes and the budget

Who limited towns to a single annual meeting each year, enforced the Navigation Acts, and suppressed the colonial legislature in Massachusetts? a. William of Orange b. Jacob Leisler c. Edmund Andros d. Alexander Garden e. Thomas Hutchinson

c. Edmund Andros

Why did Great Britain become more powerful in North America than either France or Spain in the first half of the 18th century? a. France and Spain fought a debilitating war that allowed the British to develop their possessions without interference b. Great Britain greatly expanded its navy and built new bases in North America and the Caribbean c. Great Britain's population in North America more than quadrupled d. France underwent a series of leadership changes that prevented it from giving its colonies much attention e. Spain abandoned most of its North American possessions in favor of building its empire in Africa

c. Great Britain's population in North America more than quadrupled

What was one of the results of King George's War? a. The French were expelled from North America b. Four thousand New Englanders were killed in a futile assault on the French bastion of Louisbourg c. The English captured and then returned the French fort that guarded the entrance to the St. Lawrence River d. France was established as the dominant power in North America e. Spain surrendered Florida to England, and France took control of Louisbourg

c. The English captured and then returned the French fort that guarded the entrance to the St. Lawrence River

What happened as a result of the Stono Rebellion? a. South Carolina planters engineered a series of reforms that helped create a more open and equal society b. The king of England took direct control by ending proprietary rule and transforming North and South Carolina into royal colonies c. The South Carolina legislature established a harsh new code to keep slaves under constant surveillance and ensure that masters disciplined their slaves d. The last vestiges of Native American resistance to white expansion in the South were eliminated e. Native Americans won the right to use English ships of war

c. The South Carolina legislature established a harsh new code to keep slaves under constant surveillance and ensure that masters disciplined their slaves

What did Deists argue? a. They argued that the only true knowledge was religious truth, and that God was unknowable b. They insisted that where the Bible conflicted with reason, one should follow the words of the Bible rather than the false dictates of reason c. They believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate without His intervention, according to natural laws d. They claimed that the best argument against the existence of God could be derived through the study of nature's harmony and order e. They believed that the Church of England had to be purged of Roman Catholic influences and merged with the Presbyterian church

c. They believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate without His intervention, according to natural laws

What did most eighteenth-century American intellectuals think about science? a. They suspected that the mysteries of the universe were too complex for any human to truly understand b. They thought that science amounted to little more than turning lead into gold and experimenting with balloons c. They believed that science explained the laws of nature d. They feared that science could pose the greatest threat to organized religion since the Reformation e. All of these choices

c. They believed that science explained the laws of nature

What did the Spanish rely upon for defense in their North American settlements? a. They ordered all able bodied men to serve in militia units b. They hired German missionaries c. They built presidios d. They signed treaties with local Indian tribes that provided soldiers e. They constructed castle-like fortifications and surrounded them with water-filled moats

c. They built presidios

Which statement accurately describes eighteenth-century European immigrants to the British North American colonies? a. They tended to settle in large urban areas in New England, New York, and New Jersey b. They were usually middle- and upper-middle-class professionals or skilled artisans c. They included large numbers of Irish and Germans and declining proportions of English d. They stayed in the colonies, on average, only four years before returning to live in Europe e. They included large numbers of murderers dumped on American shores by the British government

c. They included large numbers of Irish and Germans and declining proportions of English

Which of the following was not one of the ways that the Glorious Revolution changed the relationship between the colonies and Great Britain? a. Great Britain allowed some colonies to choose their own governors while others had their governors selected by the crown b. Great Britain ensured religious freedoms for Protestants c. Great Britain directed colonial governors to call annual assemblies d. The crown restructured the colonial government by combining separate colonies into the Dominion of New England e. The criteria for voting in New England became property ownership rather than church membership

d. The crown restructured the colonial government by combining separate colonies into the Dominion of New England

Which of the following correctly suggests the conditions of landownership among farm families? a. Land was usually cheaper than manure b. Those who wished to own land usually had to concentrate on full-time agricultural work c. Because of low interest rates and small down payments, families were able to pay off their mortgages within five years d. The great majority of landowners had enough land to farm but not enough to provide their children with land when they married e. Because of the rapid grown in population, land was becoming scarce and the price of land made it difficult for average people to own their own homes

d. The great majority of landowners had enough land to farm but not enough to provide their children with land when they married

How did planters in the French West Indies defy their government's mercantilist policies? a. They transported their products in British ships rather than French ones b. They raised a variety of crops to achieve self-sufficiency but did not worry about producing a cash crop c. They adopted the wage-labor system rather than use slaves d. They refined their own sugar rather than sending it directly to France e. They sold the rice they produced directly to the British North American colonies

d. They refined their own sugar rather than sending it directly to France

What did the Navigation Acts do? a. They prohibited colonists from engaging in overseas commerce b. They limited the goods that could be manufactured and traded within the colonies c. They forced American ships to carry English goods at no cost d. They required most colonial trade to go through England and be transported on English ships e. They established the navigation lanes on the St. Lawrence Waterway and Mississippi River

d. They required most colonial trade to go through England and be transported on English ships

How was eighteenth-century colonial settlement affected by the Native American populations? a. Resistance from various Native American tribes restricted the growth of European settlements b. Native Americans encouraged English settlement as a way of protecting themselves from the French and Spanish c. Native Americans negotiated treaties that contained European settlers to a 100-mile- wide strip along the Atlantic coast d. Through the depopulation and dislocation of Native Americans, European colonial settlements were able to expand rapidly e. Most Native American tribes were forced to relocate to Northern Canada

d. Through the depopulation and dislocation of Native Americans, European colonial settlements were able to expand rapidly

How did Louisianans survive difficult times in the 18th century? a. Settlers, slaves and Native Americans hunted, fished, and gardened b. Native Americans exchanged corn and deerskins for French blankets, kettles, guns and alcohol c. Black slaves herded cattle and became illicit beef traders d. They gathered wild plants e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Indentured servants were a. likely to work for one to four years for their masters b. workers who could be sold, rented out or beaten c. often kept from marrying and sexually harassed d. typically able to collect the land that was promised to them once their term of service was over e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following groups did not provide many of the immigrants to the British North American colonies in the late 17th and 18th centuries? a. Scots-Irish b. English c. Convict Laborers d. Germans e. French

e. French

What was the Great Awakening? a. It was an attempt at opening the eyes of Americans to the need for a more rational American religion b. It was the realization by the colonial elites that regulations imposed upon them by the Board of Trade were restricting their liberties c. It was a movement by American religious leaders to reunite many warring sects into one Protestant church d. It was a scientific movement in which people were encouraged to observe the natural world with the naked eye e. It was a religious revival movement that emphasized the sinfulness of human beings and the need for immediate repentance

e. It was a religious revival movement that emphasized the sinfulness of human beings and the need for immediate repentance

Which of the following statements about Georgia is not correct? a. It was supposed to flourish by exporting expensive commodities such as wine and silk b. For a time it was the only English colony where slavery was forbidden c. It was created in part from land bought from the Creek Indians d. In its first decade, half of Georgia's immigrants came from Germany, Switzerland, and Scotland, and most had their overseas passage paid by the government e. It was populated by large numbers of shiftless debtors who otherwise would have had to rot in jail

e. It was populated by large numbers of shiftless debtors who otherwise would have had to rot in jail

Which of the following was not a reason why few colonial Americans objected to the British navigation system after 1700? a. The restrictions stimulated the development of an American merchant marine and American maritime industries b. Parliament never restricted products such as grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which accounted for 60 percent of colonial exports. c. Tobacco growers were given a monopoly of the British market d. The regulations primarily burdened tobacco and rice exporters, whose income was reduced by less than 3% e. Most American colonies were prosperous and self-sufficient and did not need commercial connections with England to pursue their internal economic development

e. Most American colonies were prosperous and self-sufficient and did not need commercial connections with England to pursue their internal economic development