Chapter 4 Question Set Anatomy
Translation is terminated when a stop codon is presented at the ________ site.
A
Which of the following is not a component of the cytoplasm?
Chromatin
Which of the following events does not occur in prophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes are replicated.
Which of the following statements about microtubules during anaphase is true?
Those attached to chromosomes shorten, while those that are unattached elongate.
Identify the parts of the RNA molecules illustrated in the figure.
FLIP START AND STOP!!!!!! (only pic I could find sorry)
T/F The selective permeability of the plasma membrane allows all substances to pass through the membrane, ensuring that the inside of the cell is in constant interaction with its external environment.
False
T/F The steeper the concentration gradient of a solute, the lower the osmotic pressure.
False
Case History 1 : Paul's skin, part 1
Features of the internal skeletal structure of a cell's cytoplasm include: ALL listed choices The defective filaggrin gene: OCCURS IN ABOUT 4 TO 7 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION The term ichthyosis is used for Paul's condition because: HIS THICKENED and cracked skin looks like fish scales.
Case Study 1 : Paul's skin, part 2
Filaggrin's role in the cells internal structure is to: COMPLEX with keratin to form a stable matrix within the cytoplasm. Skin cells of the epidermis are so affected by the absence of filaggrin because: EPITHELIAL SKIN CELLS CONTAIN THE MOST CYTOPLASMIC KERATIN OF ANY CELL IN OUR BODY.
An information-containing segment of DNA that codes for the production of a molecule of RNA, which in most cases goes on to play a role in the synthesis of one or more proteins, is known as a(n)
Gene.
Immune system cells differentiate healthy versus unhealthy cells in the body by examining what part of the cell?
Glycocalyx
The membrane-bound organelle that is composed primarily of stacked cisternae and functions to transport and package materials that arrive from the rough endoplasmic reticulum in transport veiscles is the
Golgi apparatus.
Which of the following is a function of the ribosome?
Translation of proteins
Case Study 1: Paul's skin, part 3
Ichthyosis often has psychological and social consequences. How can this be the case given that it affects the keratin of the epidermal skin cells?: THE SCALY appearance of the skin of those with severe cases often causes others to shun the affected individual. The treatment for ichthyosis is: SOFTENING the skin and removing the scales for cosmetic purposes but this is not a cure.
Which of the following statements about receptor-mediated endocytosis is true?
It involves clathrin-coated pits.
Which of the following is a general function performed by all human body cells?
Obtain nutrients
The type of passive transport that involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration is called what?
Osmosis
Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?
Small nonpolar molecules
Label each step with the appropriate description.
Starting from top middle 1. Three sodium ions and ATP bind to cytoplasmic side of pump. 2. ATP is split and sodium ions released into interstitial fluid. 3. Two potassium ions bind to outer cellular surface of pump. 4. Potassium ions released into cytosol.
Active transport requires
a carrier protein on the surface of the cell.
Which of the following statements is false regarding the sodium-potassium pump?
The ions in the extracellular fluid bind to the carrier protein, and the potassium attached to the carrier protein is released.
Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of three nucleotides?
The tRNA that was in the P site moves into the E site.
The sodium-potassium exchange pump is an example of
active transport.
Facilitated diffusion requires
carrier proteins
In a cell that is not dividing, the unwound, filamented mass of DNA and associated proteins is(are) called
chromatin.
Facilitated diffusion occurs
in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule
Membrane proteins that penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer and can possibly extend from one surface to the other are called __________ proteins whereas other proteins that are attached to either the inner or the outer surface of the lipid bilayer are called __________ proteins.
integral; peripheral
A resting membrane potential
is due to a charge difference across the cell membrane.
The result of __________ is the division of a cell's chromosomes into two new nuclei, each of which has the same amount and type of DNA as the original nucleus. The division of the cell's cytoplasm is called __________and occurs with the production of two new cells.
mitosis; cytokinesis
Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of
molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
If a cell has a relatively high energy need, you would expect it to have _________ mitochondria than a cell with a lower energy need.
more
When water moves across a semipermeable membrane, the pressure it exerts is _____ pressure.
osmotic
Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. This process is best described as
phagocytosis.
Translation is the synthesis of
proteins from mRNA
Exocytosis is a process by which cells
release substances from the cell via vesicles.
Active transport
requires energy in the form of ATP.
A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will
shrink.
Facilitated diffusion is used to transport
sugars and amino acids
When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when
the dissolved sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution.
Active transport moves a solute
up its concentration gradient; that is, from a low concentration to a high one.
The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?
Temperature, size of the molecules, and steepness of the concentration gradient