Chapter 4 Review Questions

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?

a. columnar

The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ____.

a. differentiation

The ______ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ____ gland releases its apical region and reforms.

a. holocrine; apocrine

The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from _____.

a. myoblasts

The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ____.

a. neurons

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________.

a. skeletal muscle only

Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat?

b. adipose tissue

The nerve impulse travels down a (n) ____, away from the cell body.

b. axon

Connective tissue is made of which three essential components?

b. cells, ground substance, protein fibers

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ____.

b. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release?

b. histamine

Atrophy refers to _____.

b. loss of mass

In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________.

b. mesenchyme

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain?

c. dense regular connective tissue

Which of the following is not a type of tissue?

c. embryonic

Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?

c. fever

Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for _____.

c. genetic factors

Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels?

c. simple squamous

Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the blood-brain barrier?

d. astrocytes

Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ____.

d. hyaline cartilage

Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find an abundance in skeletal muscle cell?

d. mitochondria

Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment?

d. mucosa

In bone, the main cells are _____.

d. osteocytes

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct?

d. stratified squamous