Chapter 4 Test

Which of the following is not true of RNA? It contains ribose sugar. It contains adenine. It is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides. All of the above are true of RNA.

All of the above are true of RNA.

When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? Sucrose Maltose Lactose Fructose

Maltose

The amino group in an amino acid is: NH3+. COO-. symbolized by the letter R. SO2.

NH3+.

Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape. True False

T

The basic building blocks of fats are: monosaccharides. disaccharides. amino acids. fatty acids and glycerol.

fatty acids and glycerol.

A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. hydroxyl phosphate amine group free radical

free radical

What term is often used to describe certain arrangements of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules? functional group monomer polymer prostaglandins

functional group

The most important monosaccharide is: fructose. lactose. glucose. maltose.

glucose

Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. sucrose maltose glucose glycogen

glycogen

Which term means "water loving" and applies to the phospholipid head? hydrophobic hydrolysis hydrophilic dehydration

hydrophilic

DNA and RNA are important because information molecules. they conserve energy. each one is a valuable source of energy. they serve as catalysts.

information molecules.

DNA: is a single strand of nucleotides. contains the sugar ribose. is a double-helix strand of nucleotides. transports amino acids during protein synthesis.

is a double-helix strand of nucleotides.

ATP is an amino acid. provides enzymes for metabolism. is the form of energy that cells generally use. has a double helix structure.

is the form of energy that cells generally use.

Amino acids frequently become joined by: peptide bonds. catabolic reactions. atrophic reactions. all of the above

peptide bonds.

Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n) isomer. monomer. glycogen. polymer.

polymer

Which of these is not a lipid? fat steroid cholesterol polysaccharide

polysaccharide

The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is cholesterol. triglyceride. prostaglandin. phospholipid.

prostaglandin.

Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? FAD Creatine phosphate NAD ATP

Creatine phosphate

A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid. True False

False

RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases. True False

False

When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released. True False

False

If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be: CTAGGCTG. GATCCGAC. CUAGGCUG. GAUCCGAC.

GATCCGAC.

Which lipid is part of vitamin D? Glycerol Steroids Prostaglandins Fatty acids

Glycerol

Peptide bonds join together molecules of: glycerol. glucose. amino acids. water.

amino acids.

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates? They include substances commonly called sugars. They are the body's primary source of energy. They are a part of both DNA and RNA. All of the above are true of carbohydrates.

All of the above are true of carbohydrates.

A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: triglyceride. phospholipid. steroid. Both B and C are correct.

Both B and C are correct.

Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? Both are found in the cell membrane. Both have a ring structure in their molecule. Both have a saturated fat in their structure. None of the above are shared characteristics.

Both have a ring structure in their molecule.

What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? Degree of saturation Presence of glycerol Available bonds of hydrocarbons Polarity

Degree of saturation

Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch? Disaccharide Polysaccharide Monosaccharide Glycogen

Glycogen

The type of lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: HDL. LDL. VHDL. none of the above.

LDL.

Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Primary

Which lipid acts as a "tissue hormone"? Triglyceride Prostaglandin Steroid Phospholipid

Prostaglandin

Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? Proteins Salts Lipids Nucleic acids

Salts

The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Secondary

The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? Structural and functional Chemical and functional Structural and chemical Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Structural and functional

Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? They both contain glycerol. They both contain fatty acids. They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. All of the above are true of both triglycerides and phospholipids.

They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end.

In base pairing of DNA molecules, _____ is bound to _____. adenine; thymine adenine; cytosine guanine; uracil adenine; uracil

adenine; thymine

A saturated fatty acid is one in which: all available bonds of its polypeptide chain are filled. all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled. one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain are saturated with hydrogen atoms. one or more double bonds in its polypeptide chain are saturated with hydrogen atoms.

all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled.

The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component. a lipid and a protein; the lipid carbohydrate and protein; carbohydrate a lipid and a protein; the protein carbohydrate and protein; protein

carbohydrate and protein; protein

All proteins have which four elements? carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, and nitroge

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Proteins are polymers of: a. glucose. b. fats. c. nucleotides. d. amino acids.

d. amino acids

The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: hydrolysis. oxidation. decomposition. dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

All of the following substances are organic except: lipids. electrolytes. carbohydrates. proteins.

electrolytes.

Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called: enzymes. essential amino acids. structural proteins. peptide bonds.

essential amino acids.

The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: carbon. hydrogen. oxygen. nitrogen.

nitrogen.

A very large molecule composed of subunits of sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate bond is a protein. lipid. carbohydrate. nucleic acid.

nucleic acid

The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called organic molecules. inorganic molecules. buffers. salts.

organic molecules

What determines how a protein performs? shape size quantity peptide bonds

shape

The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are: triglycerides. phosphoglycerides. steroids. prostaglandins.

steroids.

Unsaturated fats: contain all the hydrogen atoms they can hold. contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. are usually solids at room temperature. will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms.

will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms.