Chapter 41: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

List in order of increasing complexity the structural levels of organization of the body. (Separate letters by a comma and space as follows: A, B, C, D) a. Body as a whole b. Cellular c. Organs d. Tissue e. Chemical f. System

ANS: E, B, D, C, F, A The structural levels of organization progress from the least complex (chemical) through cells, tissues, organs, systems to the most complex (the body as a whole). PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1229 OBJ: 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

The nurse clarifies that the three functions of epithelial tissue are , , and .

ANS: protection, absorption, secretion absorption, secretion, protection protection, secretion, absorption secretion, protection, absorption secretion, absorption, protection absorption, protection, secretion The function of epithelial tissue is protection by covering the body and preventing invasion; absorption by absorbing material; and secretion by secreting mucus to line and moisten the body surfaces. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1234 OBJ: 7 TOP: Epithelial tissue function KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

Using a poster, the nurse demonstrates the protection of the nucleus. Arrange the layers starting with the most superficial. (Separate letters by a comma and space as follows: A, B, C, D) a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Nuclear membrane c. Nucleus d. Plasma membrane e. Cytoplasm

ANS: D, E, A, B, C The most superficial covering of the nucleus is the plasma membrane, under which is the cytoplasm containing the endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, and nucleus. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 1230 OBJ: 8 TOP: Protective covering of nucleus KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

List in order of complexity the structural levels of organization of the body. Place a comma between each answer choice (a, b, c, d, etc.). a. Body as a whole b. Cellular c. Organs d. Tissue e. Chemical f. System

ANS: E, B, D, C, F, A e, b, d, c, f, a REF: Pages 1239, 1240, Figure 41-6 TOP: Structural levels of organization

Place the body structures in cranial-caudal priority. (Separate letters by a comma and space as follows: A, B, C, D) a. Ribs b. Neck c. Clavicle d. Mandible e. Radius f. Occiput

ANS: F, D, B, C, A, E The "top-to-bottom" priority is occiput, mandible, neck, clavicle, ribs, and radius. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1227, Figure 40-3 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomic positions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The body plane that divides the body into the ventral and dorsal section is the plane.

ANS: coronal The coronal plane divides the body into ventral and dorsal (front and back) sections. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1227 OBJ: 3 TOP: Coronal plane KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The nurse explains that are small saclike structures inside the cell that digest compounds that have invaded the cell.

ANS: lysosomes Lysosomes are small saclike structures inside the cell that digest compounds that have invaded the cell. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1231 OBJ: 8 TOP: Lysosomes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

The three functions of epithelial tissue are , , and .

ANS: protection, absorption, secretion protection, secretion, absorption absorption, secretion, protection absorption, protection, secretion secretion, protection, absorption secretion, absorption, protection The function of epithelial tissue is protection by covering the body and preventing invasion; absorption by absorbing material; and secretion by secreting mucus to line and moisten the body surfaces. REF: Page 1247 TOP: Anatomical terminology | Ventral cavity

When the patient complains of pain in the bladder, the patient will indicate discomfort in which body cavity? a. Pelvic b. Mediastinum c. Dorsal d. Abdominal

ANS: A A subdivision called the pelvic cavity contains the lower portion of the large intestine (lower sigmoid colon, rectum), urinary bladder, and internal structures of the reproductive system. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1228, Figure 40-4 OBJ: 5 TOP: Body cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

A patient complains of pain in her bladder. In which body cavity are the bladder, lower colon, rectum, and urinary and reproductive systems located? a. Pelvic b. Mediastinum c. Pleural d. Abdominal

ANS: A A subdivision called the pelvic cavity contains the lower portion of the large intestine (lower sigmoid colon, rectum), urinary bladder, and internal structures of the reproductive system. REF: Page 1238, Table 41-1 TOP: Body cavities

What are the smallest living components in our body? a. Cells b. Organs c. Electrons d. Osmosis

ANS: A Cells are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in our body. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1229 OBJ: 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

The smallest living components in our body are a. cells. b. organs. c. electrons. d. osmosis.

ANS: A Cells are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in our body. REF: Page 1240 TOP: Structural levels of organization

The thin sheets of tissue that secrete mucus and line the body surfaces that open to the outside environment are a. mucous membranes. b. serous membranes. c. striated, involuntary. d. visceral, involuntary.

ANS: A Mucous membranes secrete mucus. They line body surfaces that open to the outside environment. REF: Page 1248 TOP: Tissues

What are the thin sheets of tissue that lubricate and line the body surfaces that open to the outside environment? a. Mucous membranes b. Serous membranes c. Cytoplasm d. Involuntary visceral muscles

ANS: A Mucous membranes secrete mucus. They line the body surfaces that open to the outside environment. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1236 OBJ: 7 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

When the nurse assesses an arm in proximal to distal order, the assessment is performed from: a. the shoulder to the fingers. b. front to back. c. fingers to the center of the body. d. center of the body to the fingers.

ANS: A Proximal is nearest the origin of the structure. Distal is farthest from the origin of the structure. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1227 OBJ: 3 TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

When the nurse assesses an arm in proximal distal order, the assessment is performed from a. the shoulder to the fingers b. front to back. c. fingers to the center of the body d. center of the body to the fingers

ANS: A Proximal is nearest the origin of the structure. Distal is farthest from the origin of the structure. REF: Page 1238 TOP: Anatomical terminology

The nurse is aware that which muscle group is both striated and involuntary? a. Skeletal b. Glial c. Cardiac d. Visceral

ANS: C The cardiac muscle is both striated and involuntary. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Pages 1234-1235, Figure 40-12 OBJ: 11 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning

What is the largest organelle, responsible for cell reproduction and control of other organelles? a. Nucleus b. Ribosome c. Mitochondrion d. Golgi apparatus

ANS: A The nucleus is the largest organelle within the cell. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1230 OBJ: 8 TOP: Parts of the cell KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The largest organelle, responsible for cell reproduction and control of other organelles, is the a. nucleus. b. ribosome. c. mitochondrion. d. Golgi apparatus.

ANS: A The nucleus is the largest organelle within the cell. REF: Page 1242 TOP: Parts of the cell

What are the distinct surface proteins of the plasma membrane essential in determining? a. Tissue typing b. Blood count c. Effectiveness of a drug d. Sexual maturity

ANS: A The plasma membrane has distinct surface proteins as coming from one individual. This is the basis for the procedure of tissue typing to determine compatibility before an organ transplant. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1230 OBJ: 12 TOP: Cells KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The plasma membrane is constructed so that a. it is strong enough to keep the cell whole. b. nutrients can enter and waste products can leave. c. only oxygen can pass through. d. blood cells can pass through.

ANS: A The plasma membrane is strong enough to keep the cell whole and intact. REF: Page 1241 TOP: Cells

What is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that together they can perform a more complex function than any tissue alone? a. Organ b. System c. Cell d. Endoplasmic reticulum

ANS: A When several kinds of tissues are united to perform a more complex function than any tissue alone, they are called organs. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1236 OBJ: 7 TOP: Organs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

A group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that together they can perform a more complex function than any tissue alone is called a(n) a. organ. b. system. c. cell. d. endoplasmic reticulum.

ANS: A When several kinds of tissues are united to perform a more complex function than any tissue alone, they are called organs. REF: Page 1248 TOP: Organs

What are the characteristics of life that all cells exhibit? (Select all that apply.) a. Growth b. Metabolism c. Reproduction d. Responsiveness e. Homeostasis

ANS: A, B, C, D, E The five characteristics that all cells exhibit are: Growth, Metabolism, Reproduction, Responsiveness, and Homeostasis. REF: Page 1241 TOP: Cells

Which of the following are characteristics of visceral muscles? (Select all that apply.) a. Involuntary b. Smooth c. Striated d. Independent from the spinal cord e. Voluntary f. Present in the blood vessels

ANS: A, B, F Smooth muscles are smooth, involuntary, and respond to messages from the spinal cord. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 1234 OBJ: 7 TOP: Voluntary muscle KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

Which of the following are passive transport mechanisms that move material across the cell membranes? (Select all that apply.) a. Diffusion b. Evaporation c. Filtration d. Osmosis e. Mitosis f. Anaphase

ANS: A, C, D The passive transport systems are diffusion, filtration, and osmosis. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1233, Table 40-4 OBJ: 10 TOP: Passive transport system KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

Which are among the 11 body systems? (Select all that apply.) a. Lymphatic b. Cellular c. Digestive d. Reproductive e. Accessory f. Spinal cord

ANS: A, C, D There are 11 body systems: integumentary, respiratory, skeletal, digestive, muscular, nervous, endocrine, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, and lymphatic. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1237, Table 40-6 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form: a. tissues. b. systems. c. cells. d. membranes.

ANS: B A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that together they can perform complex functions for the body. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1229 OBJ: 7 TOP: Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form a. tissues. b. systems. c. cells. d. membranes.

ANS: B A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that together they can perform complex functions for the body. REF: Pages 1240, 1241, 1251 TOP: Systems

What is the type of tissue associated with the storage of fat? a. Areolar tissue b. Adipose tissue c. Osseous tissue d. Muscle tissue

ANS: B Adipose tissue is associated with the important function of storing fat. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Pages 1235-1235,Table 40-5 OBJ: 11 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

What is the broad section of biology dealing with the description of human structure? a. Hematology b. Anatomy c. Kinesiology d. Physiology

ANS: B Anatomy is the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the body. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1226 OBJ: 1 TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

The section of biology dealing with human structure is a. psychiatry. b. anatomy. c. surgery. d. physiology.

ANS: B Anatomy is the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the body. REF: Page 1237 TOP: Terminology

The four phases of cell division all occur in a. diffusion. b. mitosis. c. osmosis. d. filtration.

ANS: B During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1243, Figure 41-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Cell division

The four phases of cell division all occur in: a. diffusion. b. mitosis. c. osmosis. d. filtration.

ANS: B During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1232 OBJ: 9 TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

What are tissues that cover the outside of the body and some internal structures? a. Connective b. Epithelial c. Nerve d. Muscle

ANS: B Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and some of the internal structures. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1234 OBJ: 7 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

Tissues that cover the outside of the body and some internal structures are a. connective. b. epithelial. c. nerve. d. muscle.

ANS: B Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and some of the internal structures. REF: Page 1247 TOP: Tissues

A type of tissue that stores fat is called a. peripheral tissue. b. adipose tissue. c. osseous tissue. d. muscle tissue.

ANS: B One of the most important forms of connective tissue is adipose (fat) tissue. REF: Page 1247, Table 41-5 TOP: Tissues

What is the process by which a cell digests a foreign material by surrounding it? a. Pinocytosis b. Phagocytosis c. Absorption d. Diffusion

ANS: B Phagocytosis is the process that permits a cell to engulf or surround any foreign material and digest it. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Pages 1232-1233, Table 40-3 OBJ: 10 TOP: Active transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

When a cell engulfs or surrounds foreign material, this process is called a. pinocytosis. b. phagocytosis. c. absorption. d. diffusion.

ANS: B Phagocytosis is the process that permits a cell to engulf or surround any foreign material and digest it. REF: Page 1245, Table 41-3, Figure 41- 10 TOP: Active transport processes

The nurse explains that pinocytosis is a process by which cells: a. divide. b. take in extracellular fluid. c. use a chemical pump. d. convert mitochondria.

ANS: B Pinocytosis is a process by which the cell wall makes an indentation allowing extracellular fluid to fill in, then encloses it into the cell. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Pages 1232-1233, Table 40-3 OBJ: 10 TOP: Pinocytosis KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

How are the thoracic and abdominal cavities separated? a. By the pleura b. By the diaphragm c. By the sagittal plane d. By the peritoneum

ANS: B The diaphragm (a muscle directly beneath the lungs) separates the ventral cavity into the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1236, Figure 40-123 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ventral cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by the a. pleura. b. diaphragm. c. spinal column. d. peritoneum.

ANS: B The diaphragm (a muscle directly beneath the lungs) separates the ventral cavity into the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities. REF: Page 1238, Figure 41-3 TOP: Ventral cavity

What traits describe visceral muscles? a. Smooth and voluntary b. Smooth and involuntary c. Striated and voluntary d. Striated and involuntary

ANS: B Visceral (smooth) muscles will not function at will; thus, they act involuntarily. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Pages 1234-1235, Figure 40-12 OBJ: 7 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

Visceral muscles are a. smooth and voluntary. b. smooth and involuntary. c. striated and voluntary. d. striated and involuntary.

ANS: B Visceral (smooth) muscles will not function at will; thus, they act involuntarily. REF: Page 1247 TOP: Tissues

Epithelial membranes function is to: a. Secrets mucous, line ends of bones and line bursae b. Line ends of bones, secrete synovial fluid, line internal surfaces of organs c. Cover the wall of lower digestive tract, secrets mucous and lines lungs, peritoneum and pericardium d. Line lungs, peritoneum and pericardium and secrete synovial fluid

ANS: C The epithelial membrane secretes mucus, lines the lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium and covers the wall of lower digestive tract. The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to prevent friction between joints and the ends of bones and lines the bursae found between moving body parts. REF: Page 1248 TOP: Tissues

Active transport in the movement of ions and other water-soluble particles across cell membranes requires that the body uses its:: a. rapid filtration. b. charged diffusion. c. a chemical pump. d. osmosis.

ANS: C Active transport of ions and other water-soluble particles of the cell membrane require a chemical pump, such as insulin, to move glucose into the cell. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1233, Table 40-4 OBJ: 10 TOP: Active transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The nurse is aware that when a patient complains of pain in the epigastric region, the source of the pain is most likely to be a disorder involving the: a. gallbladder. b. transverse colon. c. stomach. d. appendix.

ANS: C The epigastric region of the abdomen is comprised of parts of the right and left lobes of the liver and a large portion of the stomach. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1228, Figure 40-4 OBJ: 5 TOP: Epigastric region KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

Cardiac tissue is striated, involuntary tissue that branches out to form networks found only in the wall of the heart. This type of tissue is a. epithelial. b. connective. c. muscle. d. nervous.

ANS: C Cardiac muscle cells are striated with fibers that branch to form many networks, or webs. REF: Page 1247, Figure 41-12 TOP: Tissues

Caudal is defined as toward the . a. head b. feet c. tail d. chest

ANS: C Caudal is a directional word that indicates toward the "tail," the distal portion of the spine. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1226 OBJ: 3 TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The anatomical term means toward the midline. a. anterior b. posterior c. medial d. cranial

ANS: C Definition—toward the midline. REF: Pages 1237, 1238, Figure 41-2 TOP: Anatomical terminology

Telophase is which phase of cell reproduction during mitosis? a. First phase b. Latent phase c. Final phase d. Spindle phase

ANS: C During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1232 OBJ: 9 TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

What is the term for the passage of water containing dissolved materials through a membrane as the result of a greater mechanical force on one side? a. Metabolism b. Mitosis c. Filtration d. Osmosis

ANS: C Filtration is the movement of water and particles through a membrane by a force from either pressure or gravity. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1233, Table 40-4 OBJ: 10 TOP: Passive transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The passage of water containing dissolved materials through a membrane as the result of a greater mechanical force on one side is called a. metabolism. b. mitosis. c. filtration. d. osmosis.

ANS: C Filtration is the movement of water and particles through a membrane by a force from either pressure or gravity. REF: Page 1245 TOP: Passive transport processes

What is the function of epithelial membranes? a. Secretes mucus, lines ends of bones, and lines bursae b. Lines ends of bones, secretes synovial fluid, and lines internal surfaces of organs c. Covers the wall of lower digestive tract, secretes mucus, and lines lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium d. Lines lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium, and secretes synovial fluid

ANS: C The epithelial membrane secretes mucus, lines the lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium, and covers the wall of the lower digestive tract. The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to prevent friction between joints and the ends of bones, and lines the bursae found between moving body parts. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1236 OBJ: 7 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

In anatomic terminology, posterior means toward the: a. tail. b. head. c. back. d. trunk.

ANS: C The posterior is toward the back. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1226 OBJ: 2 TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

In anatomical terminology, posterior means a. toward the tail. b. toward the head. c. toward the back. d. below the trunk.

ANS: C The posterior is toward the back. REF: Page 1237, Figure 41-2 TOP: Anatomical terminology

Passive transport in movement of material across cell membranes includes a. infiltration and diffusion. b. pinocytosis and phagocytosis. c. osmosis and filtration. d. anaphase and telophase.

ANS: C The primary passive transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. REF: Page 1245, Table 41-4 TOP: Passive transport processes

The anatomic term means toward the midline. a. anterior b. posterior c. medial d. cranial

ANS: C The term medial indicates an anatomic direction toward the midline. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1226 OBJ: 2 TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

What does the transverse body plane divide? a. The front and back (coronal) of the body b. The body lengthwise (two equal halves) c. The superior and inferior portions of the body d. The body into axial and appendicular

ANS: C The transverse plane cuts the body horizontally into the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into caudal and cranial portions. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1227, Figure 40-2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Body planes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The transverse imaginary body plane a. divides front and back (coronal) of the body. b. divides the body lengthwise (two equal halves). c. divides superior and inferior portions of the body. d. divides the body into axial and appendicular.

ANS: C The transverse plane cuts the body horizontally into the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into caudal and cranial portions. REF: Page 1238, Figure 41-2 TOP: Body planes

The muscle tissue cells that are nonstriated and appear in the viscera or internal organs, such as the walls of the intestines, are a. skeletal. b. glial. c. smooth. d. fibrous.

ANS: C Visceral (smooth) muscles are nonstriated and have a smooth appearance. REF: Page 1247, Figure 41-12C TOP: Tissues

What is the term for movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration? a. Absorption b. Filtration c. Diffusion d. Osmosis

ANS: D Osmosis is the passage of water from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1233, Table 40-4 OBJ: 10 TOP: Transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

What is the type of tissue composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or spinal cord? a. Epithelial b. Connective c. Membrane d. Muscle

ANS: D Muscle tissue is composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or spinal cord. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1234 OBJ: 7 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The type of tissue composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or spinal cord is a. epithelial. b. connective. c. membrane. d. muscle.

ANS: D Muscle tissue is composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or spinal cord. REF: Page 1247 TOP: Tissues

Movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration is called a. absorption. b. filtration. c. diffusion. d. osmosis.

ANS: D Osmosis is the passage of water from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution. REF: Page 1245, Table 41-4 TOP: Transport process

explains the processes and functions of many structures of the body and how they interact with one another. a. Anatomy b. Mitosis c. Filtration d. Physiology

ANS: D Physiology explains the processes and functions of the various structures and how they interrelate with one another. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1226 OBJ: 1 TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

The doctor tells the nurse that the patient is complaining of pain in the thoracic cavity. The patient is complaining of pain in the thoracic cavity. The anatomical structure(s) which is/are not in the thoracic cavity is/are the . a. Heart b. Lungs c. Blood vessels d. Small intestine

ANS: D The small intestine is located in the abdominal cavity. REF: Pages 1238, 1239, Figure 41-3, Table 41-1 TOP: Ventral cavity

The anatomic structure that is not in the thoracic cavity is/are the . a. Heart b. Lungs c. Blood vessels d. Transverse colon

ANS: D The transverse colon is located in the abdominal cavity. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1227, Figure 40-3 OBJ: 5 TOP: Thoracic cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The nurse clarifies that the dorsal cavity is composed of the (select all that apply) : a. Descending colon b. Kidneys c. Gallbladder d. Brain e. Pancreas f. Spinal cavities

ANS: D, F The dorsal cavity is composed of the brain and the spinal cavities. The spinal cavities hold the cord and the meninges. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1228 OBJ: 5 TOP: Dorsal cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

A muscle that separates the ventral cavity into the thoracic and abdominal cavity is called the .

ANS: diaphragm REF: Page 1238, Figure 41-3 TOP: Ventral cavity