Chapter 42--Musculoskeletal Trauma

acute inflammatory stage of sprain

24-48 hours

what is a fat embolism?

A fat embolism occurs when fat globules are released into the bloodstream. It's most commonly associated with a trauma, such as a bone fracture.

Which of the following disorders results in widespread hemorrhage andmicrothrombosis with ischemia?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

What type of shock should the nurse be aware can occur with a hip fracture?

Hypovolemic shock resulting from hemorrhage

RICE acronym

Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation

a claw like deformity of the hand resulting from obstructed arterial blood flow to the forearm and hand

Volkmann's contracture

Which may occur if a client experiences compartment syndrome in an upper extremity?

Volkmann's contracture, a claw-like deformity of the hand resulting from obstructed arterial blood flow to the forearm and hand

comminuted fracture

a bone that has splintered into several fragments

transverse fracture

a break straight across the bone shaft

treatment for acute muscle strain

apply ice packs to the injured area for the first 24 to 48 hours to reduce swelling and then apply heat to increase comfort, promote reabsorption of blood and fluid, and speed healing

A client who has sustained a fracture reports an increase in pain and decreased function of the affected extremity. What will the nurse suspect?

avascular necrosis

danger of compartment syndrome

can lead to tissue ischemia and loss of limb,

An x-ray demonstrates a fracture in which a bone has splintered into several pieces. Which type of fracture is this?

comminuted

The nurse should initially perform neurovascular assessments a minimum of every 15 minutes until stable in a client with a dislocation to assess for

compartment syndrome

a soft tissue injury resulting from a blow or blunt trauma

contusion

To relieve pressure within the confined limb with a cast the doctor will...

cut the cast in half longitudinally (bivalve cast)

fracture in which fragments of bone are driven inward

depressed fracture

Which general nursing measure is used for a client with a fracture reduction?

encourage participation in ADL's

what is fat embolism syndrome characterized by?

fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxia and other manifestations of respiratory failure. Arterial blood gas findings include a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) less than 60 mm Hg, with early respiratory alkalosis and later respiratory acidosis.

The type of fracture described as having one side of the bone broken and the other side bent would be:

greenstick

fracture in which a bone fragment is driven into another bone fragment

impacted fracture

After radiographs indicate intact yet malpositioned bones, what repair would the physician perform?

joint manipulation and immobilization

Factors that inhibit fracture healing

local malignancy, bone loss, and extensive local trauma

Clinical manifestations of compartment syndrome

loss of sensation, pale and cool skin, delayed capillary refill, weak pulses, and paresthesia in the affected limb as well as pain that is unrelieved by position change, ice, or increasing doses of analgesia.

What type of fracture does the nurse understand occurs without trauma or fall?

pathologic fracture

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries is manifested by acromioclavicular joint pain?

rotator cuff tears

A client sustains an injury to the ligaments surrounding a joint. What will the nurse identify this injury as?

sprain

an injury to a muscle when it is stretched or pulled beyond its capacity

strain

A partial dislocation is referred to as

subluxation