Chapter 5

Which of the following is a Subjective Probability?

If you apply for a job after graduation, your chance of getting the job is 83%.

Which of the following statements describe a probability? Select all that apply.

It describes the relative likelihood that an event will occur. It is a number between 0 and 1 inclusive,

If there are m ways of doing one thing and n ways of doing another, how many ways are there to do both? For example, if a toy comes in m colors and n sizes, how many different toys can there be?

M X N

The Special Rule of Addition describes how to calculate which of the following probabilities?

P(A OR B)

Which of the following expressions accurately represents the General Rule of Addition?

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Two events are mutually exclusive if:

the occurrence of one event means the other can't occur at the same time

The value given for an Empirical Probability is based on:

the past history of outcomes from the experiment

How do you calculate classical probability?

The number of favorable outcomes divided by the number of possible outcomes.

How is Empirical Probability calculated?

The number of times the event occurs divided by the total number of observations.

Choose the best description of independent events.

The occurrence of one event has no effect on the probability the other will occur.

What is Empirical Probability?

The relative frequency with which the event happened in the past.

The Complement Rule tells us that P(A) + P(~A) = ______.

1

A permutation is any arrangement of r objects selected from n possible objects. Which formula is used to calculate the number of permutations?

nPr=N!/(n-r)!

Classical probability is based on the assumption:

that the outcomes of an experiment are equally likely.

Which one of the following is a characteristic of the classical approach to probability?

Probabilities assume outcomes of an experiment are equally likely.

Which of the following is a Conditional Probability?

The chance a high school student will do well in college given the student scored well on the ACT.

Which one of the following conditions must be met to use the Special Rule of Addition? I.e. P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B)

The events A and B must be mutually exclusive.

If the fraction of times an event happened in the past is used as the basis for assigning a probability to the event, this is ______ probability.

Emperical

Consider the experiment of rolling a die. The event getting a 2 and which one of the following would be considered mutually exclusive?

Getting a 4

Which of the following met the requirements for a probability experiment?

Roll a die Toss one coin Answer a true or false question

What does a Joint Probability measure?

The likelihood that two or more events will happen at the same time.

A bowl contains three red and four yellow marbles. You randomly select two marbles from the bowl. Which of the following is a conditional probability? Assume the second marble is drawn from the marbles remaining after the first draw.

The probability that the second marble will be red, if the first one was yellow.

P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B) For this to be true, which one of the following conditions must be met?

Event A and event B must not be able to occur at the same time,

A particular brand of cell phone case is available in four different styles and each style comes in three colors. How many different cases are available?

12

In a random experiment there are 8 possible outcomes, and two of them correspond to a favorable event. What is the classical probability of the event?

25%

True or false: Prior probability is the initial probability based on the present level of information.

True

Select the methodology that would result in a Subjective probability.

Weighing the available information and assigning a probability.

Which of the following best describes the meaning of "outcome" in the context of a probability experiment?

One and only one result of the experiment.

Identical prizes are to be given to two winners from a group of 12 contestants. What counting formula would you use to determine how many ways the prizes could be given out?

Combination Formula

For three mutually exclusive events, A, B, and C, what is P(A or B or C)? This is the special rule of addition for three events.

P(A) + P(B) + P(C)

What does it mean when an experiment has a set of events that are collectively exhaustive?

That at least one of the events must occur.

Which of the following statements best describes permutations?

The order is important Any arrangement of r objects selected from a single group of n possible objects

How would you read the formula P(~A)?

The probability of not A

A set of events is collectively exhaustive when:

at least one of the events must occur when the experiment is done

The equation P(A) = 1 - P(~A) is know as the ______ rule.

Complement rule

What is the answer for P(~A) if P(A) = 0.7?

0.3

Suppose that P(A)=0.20, P(B)=0.40, and the events are mutually exclusive. What is the probability of A or B occurring?

.6

In a probability experiment, what is an outcome?

A particular result of the experiment.

A table used to classify observations according to two or more identifiable characteristics, and often used to determine probabilities is called a ______ table.

Contingency

Two events are independent if:

the occurrence of one event does not change the likelihood that the other will occur

Choose the statement that best defines the term "experiment" in the context of probability.

A process that leads to only one of several possible outcomes.

Which of the following numbers could represent a probability that an event will occur? Select all that apply.

.43 3/4

The City Cafe is known for their vegetable plate lunch special that comes with four vegetables, cornbread, and sweet tea. If the four vegetables can be selected from a list of ten vegetables, what formula should be used to determine how many different vegetable plates are there? Assume no vegetable is selected more than once.

Combination Formula

Which of the following are true regarding the Special Rule of Addition and the General Rule of Addition? Select all that apply.

If the events A and B are mutually exclusive, you can use the Special Rule of Addition. If the events A and B are not mutually exclusive, you can use the General Rule of Addition.