Chapter 5

_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables. a. Creating scope b. Defining scope c. Controlling scope d. Validating scope

Validating scope

_____ is the difference between planned and actual performance.

Variance

_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance. a. Decomposition b. Variance c. Scope validation d. Scope creep

Variance

A(n) _____ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.

WBS dictionary

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

Use case modeling

The WBS is organized solely around project phases.

F

The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.

F

The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects

F

The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors.

F

The scope of a project is clear and specific from the start

F

The tasks in a WBS must be developed as a sequential list of steps.

F

_____ refer to "conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification."

Requirements

refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

Scope

_____ involves controlling changes to the project scope while keeping project goals and business strategy in mind.

Scope control

_____ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger

Scope creep

_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders. a. Scope validation b. Scope planning c. Scope control d. Scope baseline

Scope validation

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS

T

Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.

T

Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement

T

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. a. Prototyping b. JAD c. RAD d. Use case modeling

Use case modeling

The main outputs of scope definition are the _____ and project document updates.

project scope statement

The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed a. requirements traceability matrix b. requirements management plan c. WBS d. project scope statement

requirements management plan

A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed. a. requirements traceability matrix b. Gantt chart c. state transition table d. entity-attribute-value model

requirements traceability matrix

Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? a. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it. b. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. c. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible. d. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it.

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them. a. Collecting requirements b. Defining scope c. Controlling scope d. Validating scope

Collecting requirements

Scope refers to: a. each level of work that is outlined in a work breakdown structure. b. the end product created as part of a project that is delivered to the client. c. tasks that are decomposed into smaller tasks in a work breakdown structure. d. the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.

D

A work package must always represent less than 80 hours of work.

F

A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver.

F

Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.

F

Project scope statements must include the project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions

F

_____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems. a. Prototyping b. JAD c. RAD d. Use case modeling

JAD

_____ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas when creating a WBS.

Mind mapping

List and briefly describe the six main processes involved in project scope management.

Planning scope management Collecting requirements Defining scope Creating the WBS Verifying scope Controlling scope

_____ includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project.

Project scope management

_____ involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system

Prototyping

_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. a. Prototyping b. Variance c. Decomposition d. Use case modeling

Prototyping

In the _____ approach to creating a WBS, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.

bottom-up

Subdividing the project deliverables into smaller pieces is known as _____.

decomposition

The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors do not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.

F

Many organizations provide different guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.

T

Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format

T

Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.

T

Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects.

T

Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

T

The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.

T

The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.

T

The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project.

T

In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point. a. top-down b. bottom-up c. mind-mapping d. analogy

analogy

_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. a. Creating scope b. Defining scope c. Controlling scope d. Validating scope

b. Defining scope

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____. a. variance b. benchmarking c. prototyping d. decomposition

benchmarking

In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping

bottom-up

The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. a. conglomeration b. accumulation c. decomposition d. catalyzation

decomposition

The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project. a. variance b. scope c. deliverable d. work package

deliverable

Some organizations prescribe the form and content for WBSs for particular projects. These are known as _____.

guidelines

The main tool for performing scope validation is _____ and group decision making techniques

inspection

A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS.

lowest

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping

mind mapping

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. a. planning b. monitoring and controlling c. closing d. executing

planning

A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.

requirements traceability matrix (RTM)

The _____ includes the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary

scope baseline

The main outputs of _____are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.

scope definition

The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. a. project charter b. scope statement c. WBS d. Gantt chart

scope statement

Tasks in a WBS that are decomposed into smaller tasks are called _____ tasks

summary

PMI uses the term "_____" to describe each level of work in the WBS.

task

Scope creep refers to: a. the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. b. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. c. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS. d. a task at the lowest level of the WBS.

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping

top-down

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping

top-down

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope.

work breakdown structure

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. a. project charter b. business case c. project scope statement d. work breakdown structure

work breakdown structure

Creating the _____ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.

work breakdown structure (WBS)

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS a. variance b. objective c. deliverable d. work package

work package