Chapter 5 A&P
By covering the whole body surface skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in
excretion
Which of the following statements about the sebaceous gland is true?
A) They are associated with the hair follicle. B) Sebaceous glands are classified as holocrine glands. C) The secretion from sebaceous glands is called sebum.
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands
A) in terms of what is secreted. B) in their location in the body. C) because sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles, whereas sweat glands are not
The ways in which the skin promotes loss of excess body heat are
All of the above processes occur to reduce body heat.
Which of the following glands produce sweat?
Apocrine and merocrine
Goose-bumps on the skin are due to the contraction of the muscle called
Arrector pili muscle.
Which of the following is true concerning light and dark-skinned races?
Dark-skinned people have the same number of melanocytes as light-skinned people but there is greater melanin production in dark skinned-people.
What is the difference between a hair and a hair follicle?
Dead epidermal cells exist in the hair, whereas a hair follicle is composed of living epidermal cells.
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is the
Detection of hot and cold stimuli.
Which of the following is true concerning hair growth?
Hair grows for a period of time and then rests and grows again.
Which of the following epidermal cells functions in immunity?
Langerhans cells
Which of the following is true concerning the growth of nails?
Nails are modified structures derived from the stratum corneum.
Which one among the following statements about nails is true?
Nails protect the ends of fingers and toes.
Subcutaneous tissue is
an insulation layer which helps to conserve body heat.
Which layer of the skin causes the formation of "fingerprints"?
Papillary layer of the dermis
A plastic surgeon would most likely make a skin incision:
Parallel to the cleavage lines.
Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging?
Skin becomes wrinkled due to decrease in the number of elastin fibers
Which of the following layers of the epidermis contain cornified cells?
Stratum corneum
When the arrector pili muscle contracts, which of the following happens?
The hair shaft is pulled perpendicular to the skin surface. and Movement of the hair follicle causes "goose bumps".
Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperatures because
Their sweat glands are less active.
Which of the following groups of people are more likely to get skin cancer as they become older?
Those who have been frequently over-exposed to the sun. Fair skinned blonds and redheads. Those who have a pre-existing mole.
A birthmark is
a disorder of dermal capillaries.
An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following?
a possible site of entry for microorganisms
Intact skin provides protection because
all of the above
What determines the color of the skin?
amount of melanin produced by melanocytes in the skin
Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have
approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skin.
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface they
are replaced by dividing cells from below
In which of the following regions of the body are apocrine sweat glands most numerous?
axilla and groin
The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the stratum ________ .
basale
Vitamin D synthesis
begins in skin that is exposed to sunlight.
The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical trauma is
blue
Due to the constriction of dermal blood vessels
body heat is conserved.
By reducing body temperature during hot weather skin helps to maintain
body homeostasis
All of the following substances can contribute to the color of skin. Of these, only ______ is of dietary origin.
carotene
Subcutaneous tissue is
composed of loose connective tissue.
Epidermis is characterized by being _______, whereas dermis is distinguished by being _______.
composed of stratified epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue
The melanocytes in very dark skin
contain more melanin
The sloughing off of older cells occurs in the stratum
corneum
Which of the following structures in the hair would contain hard keratin?
cuticle
In cold weather _______ may result from reduced blood circulation through the skin.
cyanosis
The outer, epithelial layer of the skin is called the
epidermis
Which of the following will help cool the body?
evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface
Merkel cells are
found in the epidermis
Melanin production can be influenced by
genetics, exposure to sunlight, pregnancy.
Skin color is the result of
heredity or genetic factors.
Skin does not include the
hypodermis
Which of the following connects the skin with muscles or bones?
hypodermis
The thickened stratum corneum just below the nail body is the
hyponychium.
all of the following changes occur in aging skin except:
increased collagen
Which of the following cause "age spots"?
increased melanocytes in certain areas of hands and face
Albinism develops due to
inherited mutant gene for melanin.
The dermis
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
The outer layers of the epithelium harden due to deposition of a waterproof protein called
keratin
The hair of a 7 month fetus is
lanugo
Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus after 5-6 months of development are called
lanugo hairs
Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of
melanin
The glands most responsible for cooling the skin are _____________ glands.
merocrine
During surgery, an anesthesiologist often checks for the presence of cyanosis at the patient's fingertips. If cyanosis is present, what would be a possible cause?
poor oxygenation in the patient and reduced blood flow to the patient's fingertips
Receptors in the skin can detect
pressure, cold, and heat.
Debridement, a treatment for burns, helps to
prevent infections.
Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?
protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is
protection from water loss and detection of painful stimuli.
cerumen
protects the tympanic membrane
eccrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
Which one among the following is not a skin gland?
salivary glands
The activity of apocrine sweat glands
sometimes leads to body odor.
The nail body is produced by
specialized epithelial cells.
Which of the following layers of the epidermis consists of a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis and includes pigment-producing melanocytes?
stratum basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the
stratum corneum.
An increase in body temperature causes
sweating
At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called
terminal hairs.
stretch marks result from
torn collagen fibers.
Adipose tissue in the hypodermis
varies in amount from one region to other body regions
sweat contains
water, salts and wastes.
Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?
white
Pattern baldness is relatively rare in women because
women have lower testosterone levels than men.