Chapter 5 A&P

By covering the whole body surface skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in

excretion

Which of the following statements about the sebaceous gland is true?

A) They are associated with the hair follicle. B) Sebaceous glands are classified as holocrine glands. C) The secretion from sebaceous glands is called sebum.

Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

A) in terms of what is secreted. B) in their location in the body. C) because sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles, whereas sweat glands are not

The ways in which the skin promotes loss of excess body heat are

All of the above processes occur to reduce body heat.

Which of the following glands produce sweat?

Apocrine and merocrine

Goose-bumps on the skin are due to the contraction of the muscle called

Arrector pili muscle.

Which of the following is true concerning light and dark-skinned races?

Dark-skinned people have the same number of melanocytes as light-skinned people but there is greater melanin production in dark skinned-people.

What is the difference between a hair and a hair follicle?

Dead epidermal cells exist in the hair, whereas a hair follicle is composed of living epidermal cells.

The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is the

Detection of hot and cold stimuli.

Which of the following is true concerning hair growth?

Hair grows for a period of time and then rests and grows again.

Which of the following epidermal cells functions in immunity?

Langerhans cells

Which of the following is true concerning the growth of nails?

Nails are modified structures derived from the stratum corneum.

Which one among the following statements about nails is true?

Nails protect the ends of fingers and toes.

Subcutaneous tissue is

an insulation layer which helps to conserve body heat.

Which layer of the skin causes the formation of "fingerprints"?

Papillary layer of the dermis

A plastic surgeon would most likely make a skin incision:

Parallel to the cleavage lines.

Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging?

Skin becomes wrinkled due to decrease in the number of elastin fibers

Which of the following layers of the epidermis contain cornified cells?

Stratum corneum

When the arrector pili muscle contracts, which of the following happens?

The hair shaft is pulled perpendicular to the skin surface. and Movement of the hair follicle causes "goose bumps".

Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperatures because

Their sweat glands are less active.

Which of the following groups of people are more likely to get skin cancer as they become older?

Those who have been frequently over-exposed to the sun. Fair skinned blonds and redheads. Those who have a pre-existing mole.

A birthmark is

a disorder of dermal capillaries.

An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following?

a possible site of entry for microorganisms

Intact skin provides protection because

all of the above

What determines the color of the skin?

amount of melanin produced by melanocytes in the skin

Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have

approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skin.

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface they

are replaced by dividing cells from below

In which of the following regions of the body are apocrine sweat glands most numerous?

axilla and groin

The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the stratum ________ .

basale

Vitamin D synthesis

begins in skin that is exposed to sunlight.

The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical trauma is

blue

Due to the constriction of dermal blood vessels

body heat is conserved.

By reducing body temperature during hot weather skin helps to maintain

body homeostasis

All of the following substances can contribute to the color of skin. Of these, only ______ is of dietary origin.

carotene

Subcutaneous tissue is

composed of loose connective tissue.

Epidermis is characterized by being _______, whereas dermis is distinguished by being _______.

composed of stratified epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue

The melanocytes in very dark skin

contain more melanin

The sloughing off of older cells occurs in the stratum

corneum

Which of the following structures in the hair would contain hard keratin?

cuticle

In cold weather _______ may result from reduced blood circulation through the skin.

cyanosis

The outer, epithelial layer of the skin is called the

epidermis

Which of the following will help cool the body?

evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface

Merkel cells are

found in the epidermis

Melanin production can be influenced by

genetics, exposure to sunlight, pregnancy.

Skin color is the result of

heredity or genetic factors.

Skin does not include the

hypodermis

Which of the following connects the skin with muscles or bones?

hypodermis

The thickened stratum corneum just below the nail body is the

hyponychium.

all of the following changes occur in aging skin except:

increased collagen

Which of the following cause "age spots"?

increased melanocytes in certain areas of hands and face

Albinism develops due to

inherited mutant gene for melanin.

The dermis

is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.

The outer layers of the epithelium harden due to deposition of a waterproof protein called

keratin

The hair of a 7 month fetus is

lanugo

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus after 5-6 months of development are called

lanugo hairs

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of

melanin

The glands most responsible for cooling the skin are _____________ glands.

merocrine

During surgery, an anesthesiologist often checks for the presence of cyanosis at the patient's fingertips. If cyanosis is present, what would be a possible cause?

poor oxygenation in the patient and reduced blood flow to the patient's fingertips

Receptors in the skin can detect

pressure, cold, and heat.

Debridement, a treatment for burns, helps to

prevent infections.

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun.

The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is

protection from water loss and detection of painful stimuli.

cerumen

protects the tympanic membrane

eccrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature.

Which one among the following is not a skin gland?

salivary glands

The activity of apocrine sweat glands

sometimes leads to body odor.

The nail body is produced by

specialized epithelial cells.

Which of the following layers of the epidermis consists of a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis and includes pigment-producing melanocytes?

stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the

stratum corneum.

An increase in body temperature causes

sweating

At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called

terminal hairs.

stretch marks result from

torn collagen fibers.

Adipose tissue in the hypodermis

varies in amount from one region to other body regions

sweat contains

water, salts and wastes.

Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?

white

Pattern baldness is relatively rare in women because

women have lower testosterone levels than men.