Chapter 5 & Chapter 6 Test Questions

If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of ____ for pain control.

distraction

Which of the following pain control techniques is emphasized in the Lamaze method of childbirth training?

distraction

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is:

green

The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by:

hair cells

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of:

perceptual set

Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethic groups. A stereotype is most similar to a:

perceptual set

Accommodation refers to the:

process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina

Because the football game was interrupted by a long halftime, 5 year old Mark mistakenly concluded that the first and second halves of play were two different games. His experience best illustrates the organizational principle of:

proximity

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the:

pupil

Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as:

relative height

Lightness constancy is most clearly facilitated by:

relative luminance

The principle of connectedness would most likely lead you to perceive all the ____ as parts of a single unit.

rungs on a ladder

Our inability to consciously perceive all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of:

selective attention

Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?

semicircular canals

Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ______ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to _______

sensation, perception

Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is know as:

sensory adaptation

During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This best illustrate the importance of:

sensory interaction

Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of:

smell

Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?

smell

The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces:

stroboscopic movement

Soothing musical audiotapes accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrates:

subliminal stimulation

If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing someone else saying may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as:

the McGurk effect

It has been suggested that experience with the corners of buildings and the rectangular shapes of a carpentered world may contribute to:

the Muller-Lyer illusion

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called:

the cocktail party effect

In additive color mixing, the combination of red, green, and blue creates _____; in subtractive color mixing, the combination of red, yellow, and blue creates _____.

white; black

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?

Gestalt psychologists

Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home?

olfactory receptors

The moon illusion can best be explained in terms of the relationship between:

perceived distance and perceived size

A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a:

perceptual adaptation

Sound wave vibration are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the:

middle ear

The steadily increasing size of the retinal image of an approaching object is especially important for perceiving the object's:

motion

Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the:

muscles, tendons, and joints

An 80-decibel sound is _____ times louder than a 60-decibel sound.

100

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ______ theory

Young-Helmholtz

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ____ for skunk odor than his parents have.

absolute threshold

While a student provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates:

change blindness

Numerous pedestrians calmly walked past an elderly gentleman lying on a city sidewalk without showing any concern. As a consequence, other passerby's failed to perceive that the man was in need of immediate medical assistance. The best illustrates the importance of:

context effects

The horizon Moon appears to shrink in size if its viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of:

context effects

When Helen noticed that her classmates were all wearing expensive designer jeans, she suddenly perceived her own off brand jeans to be very unattractive. This best illustrates the importance of:

context effects

The perception of the letter "t" as two intersecting lines rather than as four nonintersecting lines illustrates the principle of:

continuity

Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?

convergence

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called:

depth perception

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of:

difference thresholds

Jody's horse looks just as black in the brilliant sunlight as it does in the dim light of the stable. This illustrates what is known as:

lightness constancy

The apparent narrowing of a river as it flows directly away from you into the distance best illustrates the depth cue known as:

linear perspective

As people grow older, they are most likely to need glasses because:

the lens loses its ability to change shape readily

The distorted room illusion involving two girls who rapidly shrink or enlarge can best be explained in terms of:

the misperception of distance

Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This best illustrates the importance of:

top-down processing

Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on:

visual acuity

When the soundtrack for a movie is played in the back of a classroom, students tend to perceive the sound as originating from the picture screen in the front of the room. This best illustrates:

visual capture