Chapter 5- Biomolecules (MasteringBiology- Pearson) Part 1
_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
Cellulose
How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?
10
Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true?
A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid.
This statement is incorrect.
All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n.
Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages?
Amylose
Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid?
An oxygen
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
As a disaccharide.
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
C18H32O16
Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?
Carboxyl functional group
Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function?
Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls.
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
What is another name for a condensation reaction?
Dehydration.
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?
Hydrolysis.
Which molecule is not a carbohydrate?
Lipid
Glucose + Glucose --> ______ by ______.
Maltose + Water ... dehydration synthesis.
Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true?
Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms.
Which monomers make up RNA?
Nucleotides.
Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide?
Peptidoglycan
Which polymers are composed of amino acids?
Proteins
DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?
The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
True or false? Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria.
True
True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.
True.
Glycogen is _____.
a polysaccharide found in animals.
Protein polymers are made up of ______ monomers.
amino acids
Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they ______.
are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.
Lactose, the sugar in milk, is a ______, because it can be split into two monosaccharides.
carbohydrate
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a _____.
carbohydrate and monosaccharide only.
Which of these is a polysaccharide? 1) glucose 2) lactose 3) galactose 4) sucrose 5) cellulose
cellulose
A simple sugar is composed of equal parts carbon and water, which gave rise to the general name of any sugar as a _____.
disaccharide
Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?
either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups.
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because _____.
humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
Which of these is a source of lactose? 1) milk 2) sugar cane 3) potatoes 4) starch 5) sugar beets
milk
A carbohydrate that yields many monosaccharides when hydrolyzed is a _____.
monosaccharide
Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers.
nucleotide
A ______ cannot be hydrolyzed any further.
polysaccharide
The four main categories of large biological molecules present in living systems are _____.
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
Carbohydrate polymers are made up of ______ monomers.
simple sugars
Hydrolysis
the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
Dehydration
the loss or removal of water from something.
In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that ______.
water is consumed by animal metabolism.
A dehydration reaction (or condensation reaction) is the process in which _____.
water molecules are produced as a polymer is formed from monomers.
