Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome:

Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl

Two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose:

Glucose Galactose

Contributes to softer and easier-to-eliminate feces:

Insoluble fiber

Hypo=:

Low

Hypoglycemia is a condition when blood glucose level is too ______ to provide enough energy for the cells. Multiple choice question:

Low

sweetener found in Equal is

aspartame.

where does most carbohydrate begin:

The mouth

Lactose-containing foods fall into which food category:

dairy

In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.

glucose

table sugar:

glucose

Insulin

helps glucose enter cell

How to improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes:

implementing therapeutic lifestyle changes is key.

galactose

milk

Dietary fiber is associated with an:

reduced risk of colorectal cancer.

a serious chronic disease characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

Diabetes, Mellitus

monosaccharide (MONO):

One

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two __ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol:

amino

Cells require a steady supply of energy which is largely provided by:

carbohydrates

Major source of energy for cells:

carbohydrates

A diet containing high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. this diet, forms more ________ than normal.

ketone

Hypoglycemia may be diagnosed when the blood glucose level is:

less than 70 mg/dL

Which sugar tastes the sweetest?

fructose

fructose:

fruit

Polysaccharides that contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures include:

glycogen, starch

How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose:

insulin is secreted by the pancreas

which part of the GI tract does absorption of carbohydrates occur:

small intestine

diabetes is insulin resistance:

type 2

Diet, exercise, and oral medications are typical treatments for:

type 2 diabetes.

what age can type 1 diabetes first occur:

At any age

Tooth decay is associated with eating:

carbohydrates

Two amino acids present in aspartame

phenylalanine, aspartic acid

During processing, ______ are incorporated into foods to contribute to flavor, browning and tenderness, and preservation of food:

added sugars

Complex carbohydrates are also known as:

starch

What is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells?:

glucose

Type 1 diabetes is linked to an autoimmune disease while type 2 diabetes is linked to:

insulin resistance

treatment for diabetes:

involve diet, exercise, insulin injections, and oral medications.

an acceptable hemoglobin HbA1c level for a person with diabetes:

less than 7%

Simple carbohydrates include __ contain only one sugar unit, __ which contain two sugar units bonded together.

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials. True false question:

FALSE

most common oligosaccharides in foods:

Raffinose, Stachyose

oligosaccharides in foods:

Raffinose, Stachyose,e inulin and oligofructose.

to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes:

exercise daily, avoid excess body fat, consume a healthy diet

Food additives that sweeten but provide few or no calories per serving:

alternative sweeteners artificial sweeteners

There is "convincing" evidence that dietary fiber will reduce the risk of:

colorectal canvee

Intestinal cells absorb glucose and ______ by active transport; ______ is absorbed by facilitated diffusison

galactose; fructose

difference between soft drinks and 100% fruit drinks:

100% fruit juices contribute micronutrients and phytochemicals

more common with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes:

Numbness

dietary fiber usually forms a semisolid mass in the intestinal tract that is quickly fermented by bacteria.

Soluble

a sign of metabolic syndrome and dangerous to one's health:

elevated blood lipid levels hypertension

Celeste took her 4-year old daughter to a birthday party and was disappointed when her daughter's behavior at the party was uncontrolled HYPERACTIVITY. The most likely cause of the hyperactivity at the birthday party was:

excitement of the party that was different from her normal routine

complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest:

fibers

signs of metabolic syndrome

waist circumference >/= 35 inches (women) triglycerides >/=150mg/dL

Important nutrients that milk and milk products provide:

calcium and phosphorus protein

When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ______, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries. Multiple choice question:

carbohydrates

sugar alcohols

sorbitol mannitol xylitol

Health conditions are linked to an excessive total calorie intake? Multiple select question:

chronic disease, obesity

cells metabolize glucose:

release the energy stored in the molecule

According to the ADA, people with diabetes should try to maintain HbA1c levels below:

7 percent or 6.5

Disaccharides

maltose, lactose, sucrose

Nondigestible plant material is termed:

fiber

can be added to sweeten foods while providing few or no kcal:

-Alternative sweeteners -surcalose

Monosaccharides

-It is the simplest type of sugar -It is a chemical unit of carbohydrates

carbohydrates percent in diet:

45-65%

monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose:

Galactose Glucose

saccharide means:

sugar

Added sugars are incorporated into foods during processing to

-increase tenderness of food -inhibit the growth of mold -contribute to flavor

the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal:

1) eating a male 2) Elevated blood glucose 3)insuline released from pancrese 4) Blood gluscose level return to normal

Three or more monosaccharides bonded together:

Complex monosaccharides

A group of serious, chronic conditions characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism is:

diabetes

type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity:

Type 2 diabetes

a sweetener/food additive obtained from the processing of corn:

High-fructose corn syrup

Added to sweeten foods while providing few or no kcal:

alternative sweeteners